Chinese team a few goals and the Korean team is very beautiful, the scene began to attack stronger than the first two, but the more impossible the more backward-looking happy. Some so-called field experience is one with our people, how to think Not true? yellow card, red card, do not always blame the people judge, really. including our own actions, think that some people feel bullied.
learn Fearless, winning is a result, no one want to win, can win there and win the way, some people are called to win the Masters, and respected by the world, is lost; Some people win, he was immediately held in contempt. how the feeling can not be called a master of Chinese football , in order to win regardless of anything can be. It seems call for a national team who has become a national team to a young team to the lack of experience, and now this team is really a lot to learn.
the most horrible thing is that football is an ideal for those children of the past, a lot of kids watching the game Fan Zhiyi, from a play, they also raise a shoulder; finish with Yang Chen injuries and hard work, but also from a game when a heroic courage; they learn what really is to see what, if children are to the national team as an example, that the shovel man is the fighting spirit of the football field; that playing cross, football is handed The power and prestige; that the touch is the delay time to fell the best experience, that the Chinese have destroyed generations football.
Although not happy, but still would like to congratulate this young team, they finally did not bottom, and had three beautiful goals. And they are changing some aspects, expect them to do better, in the distant road toward World Cup's top hh
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Swiss mechanical watch each other, learn to build the closest distance between
Everyone has their own unique hobbies and collections. I am enamored of the Swiss mechanical watch.
Whether you admit you do not admit that the price of Swiss watches has improved every year, relying on the rich is not realistic, but the preservation is absolutely possible. Of course, I love the Swiss mechanical watch because not only that, but when I wear a mechanical watch and the relationship between the ineffable. as between family members are closely linked.
I love Switzerland There are many mechanical watches, but the best for me and also my most trusted brands or understanding.
business has just started, my girlfriend gave me on my birthday, to show the calendar, and even pointer is inclined cut diamond, very delicate.
girlfriend I know it is down by at least six months of work saved money for my purchase, she told me that a man's watch is very important in negotiations watch means that the taste and quality. is the It is also the Swiss mechanical watch I was hooked.
like mechanical watches the people must also a fan of the mechanical watch and wearing the relationship between the close dependence is indeed very subtle. people like me who care more tables maintenance is to go from time to time, and increasingly have the feeling, I love my baby, seems to me to bring it to life, and care for it. on the chain when the clicking sound, would bring me touch the soul. than ordinary quartz watch more of the sophisticated, multi-functional complex watch movements, and even maintenance also requires rigorous techniques. Every time I hand on the chain, I can feel the crown with the thumb, index finger between the intimate contact I have an unspeakable heart throb. The ineffable has made so many indulge in the mechanical world, and never tired.
I'm from understand cost is particularly high, because the Observatory certified movement, so the performance of the United States and the degree of mechanical accuracy and the lower price. This is what I stick with ., whenever I hear the watch ticking sound, you will receive a gift back to remember when moving, seems also to remind my wife of many years of hard-won affection.
intended to create a mechanical watch with the closest relationship of the wearer, as if I can not let go with the feelings between daughter.
Secret network of 2010 the story behind the Reds Important: guard against false information see the blog winning the New Year Secret new thing network Reds in 2010 the story behind the message board
Whether you admit you do not admit that the price of Swiss watches has improved every year, relying on the rich is not realistic, but the preservation is absolutely possible. Of course, I love the Swiss mechanical watch because not only that, but when I wear a mechanical watch and the relationship between the ineffable. as between family members are closely linked.
I love Switzerland There are many mechanical watches, but the best for me and also my most trusted brands or understanding.
business has just started, my girlfriend gave me on my birthday, to show the calendar, and even pointer is inclined cut diamond, very delicate.
girlfriend I know it is down by at least six months of work saved money for my purchase, she told me that a man's watch is very important in negotiations watch means that the taste and quality. is the It is also the Swiss mechanical watch I was hooked.
like mechanical watches the people must also a fan of the mechanical watch and wearing the relationship between the close dependence is indeed very subtle. people like me who care more tables maintenance is to go from time to time, and increasingly have the feeling, I love my baby, seems to me to bring it to life, and care for it. on the chain when the clicking sound, would bring me touch the soul. than ordinary quartz watch more of the sophisticated, multi-functional complex watch movements, and even maintenance also requires rigorous techniques. Every time I hand on the chain, I can feel the crown with the thumb, index finger between the intimate contact I have an unspeakable heart throb. The ineffable has made so many indulge in the mechanical world, and never tired.
I'm from understand cost is particularly high, because the Observatory certified movement, so the performance of the United States and the degree of mechanical accuracy and the lower price. This is what I stick with ., whenever I hear the watch ticking sound, you will receive a gift back to remember when moving, seems also to remind my wife of many years of hard-won affection.
intended to create a mechanical watch with the closest relationship of the wearer, as if I can not let go with the feelings between daughter.
Secret network of 2010 the story behind the Reds Important: guard against false information see the blog winning the New Year Secret new thing network Reds in 2010 the story behind the message board
Thursday, February 24, 2011
PW China's first online games infringement case Jan. 10 hearing
PW China's first online games infringement case Jan. 10 hearing
2007 01 11 10:03 Business Daily ()
yesterday, as early as in 2005 cracked the case of the legendary Sifu court hearing in Putuo . It is understood that this is China's first online PW suspected copyright infringement.
.
18-year-old president of the business through smart
.
08 sports clothing distribution Revealed
Year of the Pig earthshaking make a good project
.
did not expect others to do good business
.
psoriasis skin eczema urticaria alert
.
Health On the diabetic hypertensive < br> Internet cafes, a huge profit Sifu coveted space, he play last year in August with two other bar staff a tour (already sentenced), Yemou (handled separately) gang, without the online game mmm the only legitimate operators in Guangzhou Optic Communications Co., Ltd. permission, they average about 3,000 yuan to each price, from the Internet to buy 7 sets of Legend starting in January, is on the Internet to provide membership forms of illegal gaming service, the recruitment of nearly 2,000 members, the illegal gains of RMB 50 million yuan.
infringement after the company found that, in February 2005 to the Public Security Bureau report. after testing by the Shanghai Software Testing Center and the Shanghai Intellectual Property Rights and Public Trust Forensic identified Yang, Yesterday, Luomou in court, said after the incident he was after a fierce ideological struggle, and ultimately that is not a way to escape, then on July 26 last year, gave himself up. talking about criminal motivation, he said: related to ignorance of the law and hope to obtain huge profits. more than that; but if guilty Procuratorate, in addition to the penalty, he will have to return 50 million in illegal proceeds that are a part of him. Yesterday, the prosecutor acts that have violated the criminal law Luomou, the crime of copyright infringement should be held criminally responsible.
It is understood now, and plug-PW regular online game operators have already caused a strong impact, since the rise of online games, anything more well-known online games can not escape being The judge said the gaming company to use legal means to protect their own interests, that gaming operator consciousness of intellectual property rights, but also its use of legal means to protect the legitimate interests of its own judicial attempts, which for the protection of intellectual property rights, encourage online products innovation, and create a respect for intellectual property environment, and clean the gaming industry will play a positive role.
case the court will choose a sentencing date.
Yong
2007 01 11 10:03 Business Daily ()
yesterday, as early as in 2005 cracked the case of the legendary Sifu court hearing in Putuo . It is understood that this is China's first online PW suspected copyright infringement.
.
18-year-old president of the business through smart
.
08 sports clothing distribution Revealed
Year of the Pig earthshaking make a good project
.
did not expect others to do good business
.
psoriasis skin eczema urticaria alert
.
Health On the diabetic hypertensive < br> Internet cafes, a huge profit Sifu coveted space, he play last year in August with two other bar staff a tour (already sentenced), Yemou (handled separately) gang, without the online game mmm the only legitimate operators in Guangzhou Optic Communications Co., Ltd. permission, they average about 3,000 yuan to each price, from the Internet to buy 7 sets of Legend starting in January, is on the Internet to provide membership forms of illegal gaming service, the recruitment of nearly 2,000 members, the illegal gains of RMB 50 million yuan.
infringement after the company found that, in February 2005 to the Public Security Bureau report. after testing by the Shanghai Software Testing Center and the Shanghai Intellectual Property Rights and Public Trust Forensic identified Yang, Yesterday, Luomou in court, said after the incident he was after a fierce ideological struggle, and ultimately that is not a way to escape, then on July 26 last year, gave himself up. talking about criminal motivation, he said: related to ignorance of the law and hope to obtain huge profits. more than that; but if guilty Procuratorate, in addition to the penalty, he will have to return 50 million in illegal proceeds that are a part of him. Yesterday, the prosecutor acts that have violated the criminal law Luomou, the crime of copyright infringement should be held criminally responsible.
It is understood now, and plug-PW regular online game operators have already caused a strong impact, since the rise of online games, anything more well-known online games can not escape being The judge said the gaming company to use legal means to protect their own interests, that gaming operator consciousness of intellectual property rights, but also its use of legal means to protect the legitimate interests of its own judicial attempts, which for the protection of intellectual property rights, encourage online products innovation, and create a respect for intellectual property environment, and clean the gaming industry will play a positive role.
case the court will choose a sentencing date.
Yong
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Why am I not a Christian
Why am I not a Christian
of Hauman Email: hauman@primesino.com
preamble
(a) of the mystical experience
(b) of the religious crimes
(c) of the original sin
(d ) interpretation of the Bible
(e) exclusion and discrimination
(f) hostile to the science of religion
(g) an excuse to kill
(attached) to teach me why the preamble
netizens
, read the World Cup, and then catch up on a large project, I'm back.
many problems like this for a while, decided to play a play Russell, hope to take a more objective manner,
written as a series of l r What I am not a Christian theme article, I hope you correct me.
(a) of the mystical experience
look at this version and the discussions involved in this version for several months, most non-Christians see Christians put to < br> asked question is how do you prove the existence of God, how do you know the feeling itself is not an illusion
. while some non-Christians like to question some of the logical problems, such as if God made the world
, God come from, or God is both omnipotent, why not create all the good people and so on.
kind of problem, as long as you stand more objective, you will find a Christian Achilles heel, they can only
give some answers from the logic, but non-Christians may not understand why they do not even speak very
out, dead cattle side of the neck. To understand this problem, we have the essence of religion (not only < br> Christian nature) have a certain understanding. In fact, in philosophy and psychology, there are some books about
mysticism, what is mysticism, not religious before the set according to some mystical book
said, the world's great part of the religion, it has been able to give all its people hesitate,
including life, the most important reason is to teach the public to experience the mystical experience, this mystical experience,
each have different experiences, But there are some common point is at a certain time and space, the believers suddenly
are extremely happy, the body seems to be full of spirituality, the world becomes a beautiful, followed by some Christians become capable
direct communication with God, As coach said brother met in the life of God, or
is that many Christians are said to experience God, some will call this phenomenon the Christian Baptist soul. This
mystical experience, infinite power, can cause duty-bound to give life meaning.
good, non-believers who, if you see a cup, this is your first-person experience, and I insist that you are a hallucination
You can not have any wavering Moreover, the power of mystical experience, not only
experience the joy of the experience is still difficult to pass, so the followers of non-believers may not debate
l realize r (from point of view of non-believers). Having said so much, you may wonder, particularly at night
Why I am not a Christian, in fact, I was a Christian, also had mystical experiences, had no anti-sense
Gu, almost every major life decision, God will guide him every night and talk about details
. Why out of teaching, I will explain in another article, this only said mystical experience. I'm out to teach
after a few years full time, free time will be immersed in the field of religious studies, I learned later
, this mystical experience, the nature of religion, not just the nature of Christianity, but the extent The
different to Buddhism, for example, Tibetan Buddhism's mystical experience is more much better than Christianity, but Zen is
rarely mystical experience color. mystical experience of religion is good or bad, I do not know Under the judgments, but
certain that, some small churches, whether seen as positive or evil, Christians will have a mystical experience
, such as Japan's Aum truth, the tribe of David, the United States, or take no may have so much knowledge
molecules, university professors are involved. write rapidly this point, we will of course see that, since Christ taught mystical experience
not unique, you can imagine, if the client was incensed coach brother true prejudices believer Road
teach, I'm sure he will be able to meet within one year of Lu Zu, Lu Zu experienced great love. Since the Christian mystical experience
not special, if just from the perspective of literature, Christian scripture, how to see how attractive or wise
not, I can not find any reason to Christianity.
(b) of the Christian religious crimes
disgraceful history of the bloody history of countless crimes It can be said too numerous to mention, every
when we read the Bible, and there is full of persecution of Christians by pagan history and resentment, but when I open the history books were
, but to see Christ not only aggression, also How many cultures uproot
since many parts of the world into their economic production, the ecology of mass destruction, until
today, famine in Africa because of all the aggression that year the name of religion, further ecological damage
results (I have engaged in environmental protection work for many years, especially in these feelings deep). When we asked preachers
, why Christians would be so brutal, the unity of all Christians, the answer is, they are not True
Christians, followed, they would say a large section of the Bible, describes how the true Christians,
argument then is not the killer they call the basic model, which demonstrates that people do < br> not true Christians. For this problem, I tried to study a lot of religion, let me see how we set cult
community standards. most of the religion, whether seen as positive or evil, which
Scripture is full of love, the world is full commitment, but why some religions, we believe that education is evil
? because they act Xie Yi, Xie Yi behavior which includes control of prostitution, money-making, advocating suicide
, etc. Thus, we determine whether the cult of religion, are generally judged by the results of actions, rather than to doctrine and Scripture
to judge (to determine if teaching Scripture, Old Testament Deuteronomy Xie Yi ,
is really unparalleled in the world). Two months ago, I happened met a believer in Hong Kong, Japan, the Aum Shinrikyo's
friends, he said to me, Aum Shinrikyo in Japan is reforming, They believe that management education OM really
of Scripture, revelation is written in the gods (and the Christians say much alike), it does not
have over two hundred thousand believers, and many of them are far overseas intellectuals (seems to be the place where intellectuals
especially valuable), hanging scroll Asahara Shoko Asahara is the angel of God, then Asahara departure from the gods, made
great crimes, but does not mean that the religion in question, he told me that Asahara is not true Christians,
true believers is the world will have the greatest commitment. Another example is the Sun Yee On, Sun Yee On is
the twenties, from the Family in Hong Kong officially registered non-profit organizations, then organizational purposes
the constitution, in black and white, not full of national interests and full of ideals, now if anyone out
, today's Sun Yee On, the whole is not really new Yee, Sun Yee On, such as the year should be written within the organizational purposes
requirements, we are going to react? above two examples we can see that people judge the general
things, even things the court judge, will result in things to judge, not the vague concept of a single
to determine the history of the Christians really Christians, we are in now
in time and space, is simply not qualified to judge, who said they were not Christians, can only show the pride of this
arrogance, but the history of Christianity planted in the blood, it is hard fact.
remember one time I asked about the history of Northern Ireland Protestants The blood of Christ, he is also a standard answer
case to answer, but when I asked why the persecution of Protestants, Catholics in Northern Ireland, he immediately turned hostile to me
that the Catholics of Northern Ireland is the Revelation recorded in the devil, we must kill all, or loss of life the world will face
day!! can imagine how the history repeats itself. If we are willing to objectively
detached view, a single volume to kill l r, on human harm to the l to measure the amount of r, the Christian
largest in human history is certainly no doubt an evil cult. If the world would be willing to officially recognize the Christian year when
all errors, the official humbly repent, and all victims nation a public apology to
this as a warning, put the Bible teaches Xiayi Bei, I believe that all non-Christians to Christianity will change
.
(c) of the original sin of Christianity's basic teachings
is one of the people have original sin, people have to admit his guilt on the back side
God in order to get pardon in order to obtain eternal life. If you refuse to acknowledge sin and refuse to repent up
Timor, it is impossible get rid of original sin, no matter how you contribute to the world in this life, no matter how superior moral standard
standards, neither receive forgiveness, eternal life, because you all the good, original sin can not
compensation. As long as you are willing to recognize the original sin, sincere repentance, regardless of how the past, all kinds of evil,
be to let bygones be bygones. in the next issue was on the original sin, read the Bible many times, but also checked by the book is not
less and Christian interpretation of history (in fact, many Christians on the interpretation of the classics and Christian history, not quite the
a) found that even though Paul and Peter repeatedly commits a crime, is a sinner, but never said that last forever
had inherited the original sin of mankind, the concept of original sin is not in fact come from Bible! In fact, the
that original sin is that Adam and Eve Toushijinguo Old Testament, which was condemned by God, the Old Testament is the sacred book of the Jewish people
, but authentic classic believers do not think people will always have This original sin, they can also use the method of the burnt offering and sin
. Most people think that, first proposed the term l is the original sin r Augustine
, but in fact the first to propose that the Latin theologians QSFTertullianus, he argues that human genetic < br> Biography of Adam and Eve's original sin, and Augustine, a theologian same Pelagius, had a very
force against the concept of original sin, but because this idea is not easy to rule the church, so not accepted,
this Xie Yi of original sin is neither from the New Testament, nor from the Old Testament, but not ten
points from a famous theologian l r, then ruled the Church for reasons easy to be forward Augustine Light
large, Christians can say deserves to be. When asked about non-Christians, being the case, we can only repent
dying, but the Christian standard answer is that you do not know when he will die, I do not know whether he died unexpectedly
! Well, assuming we have accepted that the original sin l r view of theologians, and the spokesman for the Church of Jesus
accepted the explanation, as long as you have heard the word of God and not believe , you can not be washed
original sin can not be saved, my question here. If you ask me a great man in modern times, I
who is the most revered, I can say without hesitation the answer to you, India Mahatma Gandhi, most people will know
Gandhi to adhere to peaceful means to hegemony knees, in fact, not only in this respect Gandhi
impressive achievements in personal life, he insisted on the most simple and selfless life He
teaching of children seriously, respect for nature, etc., so I think the greatness of this man, almost with holes
son, Socrates and other sages in comparison, but unfortunately, He is a devout Hindu, also heard
is a sure way contact with the person of Christ, if Christian standards, not
Hindu concept of original sin, and he was not committed by the Ten Commandments carved in and bow down to idols, and other than the Lord
, no two crimes God, Gandhi will no doubt fall to hell. the other hand, the recent education sector in Taiwan is one of Christ
witness, God's great also make Chen Chin-hsing repentance, my mind immediately is a picture floating
, Mahatma Gandhi, the great and selfless, in the eternal fire of hell by the suffering, and evil side of Chen Chin-hsing more
, but joy in heaven about the wine. < br> you, Christians believe that we in any case can not be washed righteous world of original sin, because we have small
(they call this idea as humility), if we refuse to repent to God, will go to hell, I just
Hong Kong Shijingzhitu very small, I have already determined, even if the door of heaven opened to me, I
will choose to go to hell, because only by fire, I can maintain a compassionate heart, to hell with the
beings suffering the same time God's big complaint with evil.
(d) If the Bible is called a common sense interpretation of
rich but not people who come into contact with the Bible, read through the Bible, you only thought of Christ
would happen? he inspired by God? Do not deceive yourself, this person certainly would
feel naive, which is full of cruel myth. in this world why so many Christians view the Bible, holding
the golden rule? The reason is very simple, because the Christian experience of thousands of years, the face of the era turn
change, and constantly strive to maintain the original teaching text, at crazy persecution of dissidents among them, could not be any maintenance
, to overthrow the amendments made to achieve in line with the principles of the times. From the heart of the order of denial at
recognized, is the best example.
within a certain range, including cosmology, irrefutable evidence of the technology, so the Christian must not
does not explain the amendment. dynasties from the Age of Enlightenment, people began to have Bible verses
more violent criticism of Christianity's wave after wave of challenges to explain the amendment to become the only way the Christian
, since Sanjiu years AD, the Third Synod of Carthage, Constantine the Great, Imperial Rome, a
the New Testament, this was revised to continue to occur, the first amendment to the interpretation of a famous person, of course, Austria
Gustin, he never mentioned the Bible is not only original sin to flourish (see above (c) of the original sin), also invented the Trinity, the theories of free will, to repair the deficiency the Bible.
in the Age of Enlightenment, then, The book release is sprung up, people's resistance against the Christian-based
questioned, which for hundreds of years, Buddhist scriptures in the Bible can be said that every word every sentence to
human interpretation, Because of this different interpretation, so that split into numerous sects of Christianity (I
tribe will discuss the issue further in another paper). Well, what is the Christian faith? My first
said, No one will believe a myth that (the Christian Old Testament is that the history of Israel, I write twenty thousand words to play
operator of this issue), they are naturally released by the letter's interpretation. have seen < br> interpretation by the book will know, a lot of interpretation by the desire of the book, is to find an excuse to justify, Augustus
Dingfa Ming free will (of human interpretation), to intent mouth stuffed with non-believers, asking why God
do not crime. any rational person a little, will see the Bible, God made the black and white
the ethnic cleansing of Israel (not a simple war, but to live on without leaving the race
cleaning), God used the flood to kill, burn Sodom and E Mora person (with any
not let a baby), playing with Job (Just because a war of words and Satan), which things,
excuse to justify countless Christians (interpretation of scriptures quoted an excuse). only God will call all
uncircumcised men, or die, I have seen four different versions of interpretation by the interpretation of the book St.
discrimination against women by the remarks also appeared in the sixties the so-called women's hermeneutics to explain that this amendment does not
off evil continue to justify continued to explain culture, the formation of a strong Christian. Each
when someone questioned the Bible, the Christian interpretation of Scripture is to specify the action to justify the excuse, if you say
law is not in their interpretation of scriptures in mind the requirements, they will criticize you ignorant, no study of the Bible
, no understanding of Christianity, the Christian will try to become the voice of God, the interpretation of patent
excluded alien species are under the historical tragedy. It is this human interpretation, so that the Christian history
Many who claim to be God's instructions, the imitation of the Old Testament of the ethnic cleansing of other nations, until
still kept in the continuation of the tragedy now. Now Hong Kong's Christians, although not holding a Bible to
ethnic cleansing, but to explain to people what will brutal rationalization, and even brought praise, this
phenomenon, not only will we have a very negative impact on the next generation, so that children do not respect life, that is not to become confused
, how sad!!
(e) exclusion and discrimination
discrimination and exclusion of Christians, I believe that all non-Christians will be felt. Even if you sit at home safe
, open the newspaper, but also to see the states Christian marriage agency opened, the first sentence is
born again Christians established a set of accepted values, preaching to persuade people not to practice
Qigong followers not to listen to New Age music, because these are things Xie Yi, the number of fortune-telling technique with much less
said. you and they speak, even if they do not declare the the mouth, but can also feel the kind of discrimination
eyes, the kind that have been saved from rebirth, from the condescending arrogance, with poor light
your head looking at you, or even consider themselves the voice of God, to your rescue Oliver.
new church in Hong Kong, the exclusive case is worse, many Protestants do not recognize Catholics as Christians (of ignorance, but the black heart of these
Catholics are Christians, the term attempted to private possession, and re-interpretation),
of course, there is also a Catholic to Protestant villain called the oath, does not recognize all of the Protestants as
not baptized Christians. near the viewer to see Christians generally the case, what explanation they? generally the most popular explanation is
times, which is part of their faith, they really believe the Bible, it is believed that a non-Christian are the devil
more sincerely believe give some examples. hundred years ago, whites in the United States black
slave trafficking was not no one questioned this behavior, but there are many white people truly believe that black
not really human, just people and between the apes, who published numerous books, to illustrate the low
blacks, and some books even say black sensory nerves and humans, ability to bear the pain special
high wire across the palm of your hand does not feel their pain in order to rationalize their abuse of blacks.
World War II, Hitler had also truly believe that superior Germanic people, have
because Jews were killed by truly believe that Jesus, bring the curse of heaven, so all Damn Jews.
As Pol Pot in Cambodia, it is true that his vision of communism, before killing three hundred
million. The so-called truly believe, it really is a very good excuse. Christians Today you can believe
teachings to discriminate against others, the others as the devil, of course, why he carried out towards any act, not
alarmist to think that this is wishful thinking, a decade ago, no one would ever thought before
Yugoslavia who also had a neighbor kill each other, is this discrimination bones, it is reasonable
Chile lost.
earthly society, civilization and development so far, we have begun to have some consensus should not be
of age discrimination, should not have racial discrimination, should not be sex discrimination, but the Christian institutions, but to religious discrimination
as the benchmark for recruitment (if the nature of missionary work, unless of course) , and an excuse for a large number of exclusive
excuse, intended to rationalize such behavior. Christian discrimination against non-Christian contempt, is seen at
Department, discrimination, neglect and a lot of excuses and rationalization, the course brought strong rebound
, that Christians are discriminated against non-Christians with contempt, fostering a mutual discrimination, poor results
. In contrast Buddhism in Hong Kong are generally not subject to non-Buddhists of discrimination (except Christians) ,
only because Buddhists do not discriminate against any pretext or contempt of others, Buddhism is not exclusive only
. Do not underestimate this cross discrimination against them, if Hong Kong is not completely anti-Christian woke up, still maintained
The bones of discrimination, is difficult to expect non-Christians to remove hostility against Christians eyes, and this
small hostile fire, if there will be a major disaster by the guide.
(f) hostile to religion, science
Christian hostility to science, from ancient times alike, Copernicus, Galileo story, everyone familiar all
, those hostile to the science of behavior, two thousand years, and did not stop, just a different extent.
today, the Christian hostility has not changed the nature of science, of which the most extreme horizon
Society of the United States still insists on a piece of the earth is flat, is consistent with the theory of Genesis, but also that the earth is only six thousand years of history
, or only a million-year-old fundamentalist. fair that point,
the past four decades, the European and American Christians hostile to the scientific situation has changed dramatically, most people
religious logic and scientific logic that should be completely separated, except for some small number of extremists outside
to attack Christians on behalf of evolution and astrophysics who have less and less, while the Pope has
open that some of the arguments is true. of course, that all believers to live in ignorance, the most Jiaoren can do nothing without
, is Hong Kong's new generation of intellectuals, although many followers, but the Chinese people's servility is
remains unchanged, Gan Xinshou Mission theory of man blinded by ignorance, hostility to science to do its followers.
in Hong Kong, we can see the most extreme examples of hostility to science, when the number of the door is decent l l r as teaching heresy
r of Zion, and their Liang Japan-China leaders, public speaking has not yet thirty years ago the dinosaurs became extinct, and its more than
sects, and Liang compared to China and Japan, but it is 五十步笑百步 it. in the general church, are circulating two
big lie, the first was Darwin a Christian (twenty-five years ago indeed, and
and this version than anyone else, full of piety and devotion of the heart), the second is the Einstein < br> Christian (a child is indeed). In Hong Kong, if you run into the general Christian, if
on their discussion of evolution, their first reaction is that evolution is not long since been overturned yet? (I think
know people who have this reaction, many of which are students!) there are some Christians, said archaeologists had found Noah's Ark
, while in Italy, the piece is more for many years the so-called Shroud of Jesus been put on the
Altar, which is the result of the Church stupefying success for a long time.
reading some of the more willing followers, if you ask him how the theory of evolution was overthrown, their answer is all of the thousands of articles
. those hostile to the Christian Science textbook published by designated, such as the evolution of faults, the complexity can not evolve out of control
Officer, Darwin said evolution is gradual, not a mutation. These Christians,
never refused to seriously picked up the book of evolution. Some preachers even more specious
to the story, r to l prove wrong the theory of evolution, such as throwing God will watch parts, impossible to fall off a table and other hand
completely unrelated, the probability The story is not common to Yuhuo believers, and Christians
and bored with the spread of these childish Yuhuo brought so much as sigh.
Darwin was a genius, and evolution is one of countless people need long-term The accumulated research topics, can be said of Irving
a research direction is pointed out, and now the evolution of species from Darwin for many years, science
home were also realistic and only bit by bit, these respectable scientists, never thought of overthrowing or offensive
hit theory of creation, they only work in their range, little by little understanding of the Earth in the fossil heap
the past 4.6 billion years of history, but who creationism is very mind, but has also made efforts to tell a lie big
stupefying amount, taken out of context (but ignorance and the right way) to attack scientists, and Hong Kong
Christians, can be said to be among the best examples. the time of writing received e-mail to my Christian friends
a web page, the Sinosauropteryx, between Christians seem to find the dragon and the bird is disturbed
(apart from this incomprehensible attitude strange), see Web content, there are Christians in the scientific community questioned whether the bird ancestor of birds, dragons
article amplification, to confirm the species does have faults. In fact, this beast toe
evolution debate exists within the scientific community for several years , we see no fundamental ability of Popular Science Writings on
this discussion under the judgments, and scientists question the theory of evolution has never been an opponent of the Christians have ulterior motives but was brought
creating a big article, the mean heart It is difficult to describe.
people to explore science, no one will believe that l r evolution, we will only be regarded as one of the scientific disciplines,
study hard, as if Einstein, Newton r l believe that the findings,
relativity would not be there, l believe that only Christians will r theory of creation, and to attack the theory of evolution, which
is the essence of the Christian.
(g) to kill an excuse
SC Jun Q: I would like to ask, do you know do not know how bad you do not think the Christians? have no understanding of who you think is a good Christian
? Do you think it will do no good Christian?
Actually, I've never irrational for any Christian, not to ferret out the life of any Christian
hot pursuit of evil, nor because of resistance to Christian friends. in my personal experience,
rarely change their religion was really through, what will be their own people from what
into another person (the surface may change), so a Christian victims of sudden change of face , I will only say that our humanity
, his character is simply that, not surprisingly.
many of my friends, I observed that most Christians and non-Christians were definitely not Road
Germany is good or bad personality, but the surface of some strange phenomena, such as people hate Christians in general rather begging the
, is to be extended to non-Christian concept of original sin, denounce the person guilty, also some other Christians are very proud,
saved from that privileged rebirth. In addition, I do not see what the base with non-significant difference in the base.
I can not accept Christianity because, not that of Christ more corrupt than non-Christian believers, but potentially very bad this organization
incentives should be stronger than any organization, and the extent of deterioration, but also to be worse than any
people.
to Let me give a simple case, and most people do evil in this world, there will be the bottom line, because they know the evil from
have any inhuman person will have a conscience in the heart thing, so the big thief kill the king
, also runs down the old infant and soft-hearted, this is our innate conscience. But the worst
the world who is perfect as an excuse to those who achieve such human The so-called ideal in mind, will not choose hand
section, evil no bottom line, as Pol Pot, Hitler, XXX, etc., if they do not have a
a lofty ideal as an excuse to support, simply do not may be bad to have no bottom line (the line
Clinton for the recent bombings, but also in this category), but my observation of history, I found these bad enough to have any bottom line to the desired pretext for
people, the most horrible is still a Christian. The reason is very simple, because they have long had good
know deep inside, to God, so they kill all the other ideals than those who kill, more come straighten air
strong, but not anti-wake up from their ideal doubt.
offensive to see the Old Testament Israelites Canaan, I have no doubt that he is convinced that they commanded by God to conduct species
ethnic cleansing, as the Crusaders expedition, I have no doubt that these Christians believe themselves subject to God's instructions
carried out massacres, even in colonial America and the era of the African continent, do not believe those who kill or cut the hands and feet, and I do not doubt cents
They believe their own to follow God's instructions, on the other ethnic massacres and killings so no
guilt, and so confidently.
Christ in me, is a neutral word, Christians and non-me Christians, like ordinary people a
, there is no good or bad, but when a large group of ordinary people with weapons, read the emotion out of the inner demons, as well as straighten
fierce excuse, it will become disaster, Hong Kong's Christians, even this version of the Christian, in fact,
and the Crusaders, settlers, Northern Ireland, Christians, Christians of Serbia did not do, can do good can also line
evil, only that we are a different time and space, just happens to have different, but people are still human beings in the name of the Father l r for
and evil, and Israeli ethnic cleansing of the behavior of the Canaanites would be perpetuated, Deuteronomy within the
God commanded to kill infidels in the scriptures of all Christians will always be an excuse, and never will become a mystical experience
to fuse, because no one can judge other people's mystical experience.
(attached) that taught me why
I used to be a Christian, and is very devoted, more pilgrims visited Jerusalem, and of course feel
to have God, pray every night when they talk to him, each will make a decision to ask his opinion , but
years ago, I asked a question, why it is so evil in this world, why God would allow evil in the world is so evil
there.
to 2084, the Israeli hard-line hawks General Sharon, Palestinian terrorists an excuse for hunting, sending several hundred Israeli soldiers
, entered at the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, all the soldiers took the US-made M16 rifles
, into the camp after the silent, Luanqiang against unarmed Palestinians fired a time
camps into hell on earth, outside of the United Nations refugee camp, eagerly looking at the most since World War II massacre
cruel world, no way. Finally, the Israeli army two thousand people were massacred, with more than Bacheng small
children and women. Sharon is not the Jewish General, but the letter of the Christians, the same evening, Los Angeles
Times visited Sharon General, he said, retaining his responsibility is to preserve the land of Canaan mentioned in the Bible is not strange
people occupied, so he will never regret for their actions.
very day I sad, crying so badly that night I said to my God, if this world is so ugly
really evil, I choose to believe Satan, if this world really heaven, I would prefer to hell, because I am ashamed and live Church people in the company of
days, and since the moment, I suddenly felt an unprecedented joy, the mind as being full of the goodness of
first sucked into a mind free air. Since then, the feeling that God getting away from me,
I'm like a born again saved, this is my first experience of the body. Until now, I deeply believe that
Christian (including Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Unification Church, Jesus card , Book of Mormon, the Sabbath to teach, etc.) are the largest cult in history
, if we kill many, means the cruel, far-reaching damage to human, they must
on second to none, I just want to compassion of the heart, out of a witness, anyway, even if the kidnapped me into heaven,
I will not go.
watching television news yesterday, Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu reappointment of the killing spree for the Israeli Foreign Minister, and
immediately declare this person, he would not accept the current lot of hard work Rabin's peace agreement in return, never
will be returned to the West Bank land to Palestinians, thirteen percent, I do not know What is the world of justice,
this world do not know the name of the Father when we can end the massacre, but Christians do not understand why something so numb to these
.
XXX: Please refer to the original
of Hauman Email: hauman@primesino.com
preamble
(a) of the mystical experience
(b) of the religious crimes
(c) of the original sin
(d ) interpretation of the Bible
(e) exclusion and discrimination
(f) hostile to the science of religion
(g) an excuse to kill
(attached) to teach me why the preamble
netizens
, read the World Cup, and then catch up on a large project, I'm back.
many problems like this for a while, decided to play a play Russell, hope to take a more objective manner,
written as a series of l r What I am not a Christian theme article, I hope you correct me.
(a) of the mystical experience
look at this version and the discussions involved in this version for several months, most non-Christians see Christians put to < br> asked question is how do you prove the existence of God, how do you know the feeling itself is not an illusion
. while some non-Christians like to question some of the logical problems, such as if God made the world
, God come from, or God is both omnipotent, why not create all the good people and so on.
kind of problem, as long as you stand more objective, you will find a Christian Achilles heel, they can only
give some answers from the logic, but non-Christians may not understand why they do not even speak very
out, dead cattle side of the neck. To understand this problem, we have the essence of religion (not only < br> Christian nature) have a certain understanding. In fact, in philosophy and psychology, there are some books about
mysticism, what is mysticism, not religious before the set according to some mystical book
said, the world's great part of the religion, it has been able to give all its people hesitate,
including life, the most important reason is to teach the public to experience the mystical experience, this mystical experience,
each have different experiences, But there are some common point is at a certain time and space, the believers suddenly
are extremely happy, the body seems to be full of spirituality, the world becomes a beautiful, followed by some Christians become capable
direct communication with God, As coach said brother met in the life of God, or
is that many Christians are said to experience God, some will call this phenomenon the Christian Baptist soul. This
mystical experience, infinite power, can cause duty-bound to give life meaning.
good, non-believers who, if you see a cup, this is your first-person experience, and I insist that you are a hallucination
You can not have any wavering Moreover, the power of mystical experience, not only
experience the joy of the experience is still difficult to pass, so the followers of non-believers may not debate
l realize r (from point of view of non-believers). Having said so much, you may wonder, particularly at night
Why I am not a Christian, in fact, I was a Christian, also had mystical experiences, had no anti-sense
Gu, almost every major life decision, God will guide him every night and talk about details
. Why out of teaching, I will explain in another article, this only said mystical experience. I'm out to teach
after a few years full time, free time will be immersed in the field of religious studies, I learned later
, this mystical experience, the nature of religion, not just the nature of Christianity, but the extent The
different to Buddhism, for example, Tibetan Buddhism's mystical experience is more much better than Christianity, but Zen is
rarely mystical experience color. mystical experience of religion is good or bad, I do not know Under the judgments, but
certain that, some small churches, whether seen as positive or evil, Christians will have a mystical experience
, such as Japan's Aum truth, the tribe of David, the United States, or take no may have so much knowledge
molecules, university professors are involved. write rapidly this point, we will of course see that, since Christ taught mystical experience
not unique, you can imagine, if the client was incensed coach brother true prejudices believer Road
teach, I'm sure he will be able to meet within one year of Lu Zu, Lu Zu experienced great love. Since the Christian mystical experience
not special, if just from the perspective of literature, Christian scripture, how to see how attractive or wise
not, I can not find any reason to Christianity.
(b) of the Christian religious crimes
disgraceful history of the bloody history of countless crimes It can be said too numerous to mention, every
when we read the Bible, and there is full of persecution of Christians by pagan history and resentment, but when I open the history books were
, but to see Christ not only aggression, also How many cultures uproot
since many parts of the world into their economic production, the ecology of mass destruction, until
today, famine in Africa because of all the aggression that year the name of religion, further ecological damage
results (I have engaged in environmental protection work for many years, especially in these feelings deep). When we asked preachers
, why Christians would be so brutal, the unity of all Christians, the answer is, they are not True
Christians, followed, they would say a large section of the Bible, describes how the true Christians,
argument then is not the killer they call the basic model, which demonstrates that people do < br> not true Christians. For this problem, I tried to study a lot of religion, let me see how we set cult
community standards. most of the religion, whether seen as positive or evil, which
Scripture is full of love, the world is full commitment, but why some religions, we believe that education is evil
? because they act Xie Yi, Xie Yi behavior which includes control of prostitution, money-making, advocating suicide
, etc. Thus, we determine whether the cult of religion, are generally judged by the results of actions, rather than to doctrine and Scripture
to judge (to determine if teaching Scripture, Old Testament Deuteronomy Xie Yi ,
is really unparalleled in the world). Two months ago, I happened met a believer in Hong Kong, Japan, the Aum Shinrikyo's
friends, he said to me, Aum Shinrikyo in Japan is reforming, They believe that management education OM really
of Scripture, revelation is written in the gods (and the Christians say much alike), it does not
have over two hundred thousand believers, and many of them are far overseas intellectuals (seems to be the place where intellectuals
especially valuable), hanging scroll Asahara Shoko Asahara is the angel of God, then Asahara departure from the gods, made
great crimes, but does not mean that the religion in question, he told me that Asahara is not true Christians,
true believers is the world will have the greatest commitment. Another example is the Sun Yee On, Sun Yee On is
the twenties, from the Family in Hong Kong officially registered non-profit organizations, then organizational purposes
the constitution, in black and white, not full of national interests and full of ideals, now if anyone out
, today's Sun Yee On, the whole is not really new Yee, Sun Yee On, such as the year should be written within the organizational purposes
requirements, we are going to react? above two examples we can see that people judge the general
things, even things the court judge, will result in things to judge, not the vague concept of a single
to determine the history of the Christians really Christians, we are in now
in time and space, is simply not qualified to judge, who said they were not Christians, can only show the pride of this
arrogance, but the history of Christianity planted in the blood, it is hard fact.
remember one time I asked about the history of Northern Ireland Protestants The blood of Christ, he is also a standard answer
case to answer, but when I asked why the persecution of Protestants, Catholics in Northern Ireland, he immediately turned hostile to me
that the Catholics of Northern Ireland is the Revelation recorded in the devil, we must kill all, or loss of life the world will face
day!! can imagine how the history repeats itself. If we are willing to objectively
detached view, a single volume to kill l r, on human harm to the l to measure the amount of r, the Christian
largest in human history is certainly no doubt an evil cult. If the world would be willing to officially recognize the Christian year when
all errors, the official humbly repent, and all victims nation a public apology to
this as a warning, put the Bible teaches Xiayi Bei, I believe that all non-Christians to Christianity will change
.
(c) of the original sin of Christianity's basic teachings
is one of the people have original sin, people have to admit his guilt on the back side
God in order to get pardon in order to obtain eternal life. If you refuse to acknowledge sin and refuse to repent up
Timor, it is impossible get rid of original sin, no matter how you contribute to the world in this life, no matter how superior moral standard
standards, neither receive forgiveness, eternal life, because you all the good, original sin can not
compensation. As long as you are willing to recognize the original sin, sincere repentance, regardless of how the past, all kinds of evil,
be to let bygones be bygones. in the next issue was on the original sin, read the Bible many times, but also checked by the book is not
less and Christian interpretation of history (in fact, many Christians on the interpretation of the classics and Christian history, not quite the
a) found that even though Paul and Peter repeatedly commits a crime, is a sinner, but never said that last forever
had inherited the original sin of mankind, the concept of original sin is not in fact come from Bible! In fact, the
that original sin is that Adam and Eve Toushijinguo Old Testament, which was condemned by God, the Old Testament is the sacred book of the Jewish people
, but authentic classic believers do not think people will always have This original sin, they can also use the method of the burnt offering and sin
. Most people think that, first proposed the term l is the original sin r Augustine
, but in fact the first to propose that the Latin theologians QSFTertullianus, he argues that human genetic < br> Biography of Adam and Eve's original sin, and Augustine, a theologian same Pelagius, had a very
force against the concept of original sin, but because this idea is not easy to rule the church, so not accepted,
this Xie Yi of original sin is neither from the New Testament, nor from the Old Testament, but not ten
points from a famous theologian l r, then ruled the Church for reasons easy to be forward Augustine Light
large, Christians can say deserves to be. When asked about non-Christians, being the case, we can only repent
dying, but the Christian standard answer is that you do not know when he will die, I do not know whether he died unexpectedly
! Well, assuming we have accepted that the original sin l r view of theologians, and the spokesman for the Church of Jesus
accepted the explanation, as long as you have heard the word of God and not believe , you can not be washed
original sin can not be saved, my question here. If you ask me a great man in modern times, I
who is the most revered, I can say without hesitation the answer to you, India Mahatma Gandhi, most people will know
Gandhi to adhere to peaceful means to hegemony knees, in fact, not only in this respect Gandhi
impressive achievements in personal life, he insisted on the most simple and selfless life He
teaching of children seriously, respect for nature, etc., so I think the greatness of this man, almost with holes
son, Socrates and other sages in comparison, but unfortunately, He is a devout Hindu, also heard
is a sure way contact with the person of Christ, if Christian standards, not
Hindu concept of original sin, and he was not committed by the Ten Commandments carved in and bow down to idols, and other than the Lord
, no two crimes God, Gandhi will no doubt fall to hell. the other hand, the recent education sector in Taiwan is one of Christ
witness, God's great also make Chen Chin-hsing repentance, my mind immediately is a picture floating
, Mahatma Gandhi, the great and selfless, in the eternal fire of hell by the suffering, and evil side of Chen Chin-hsing more
, but joy in heaven about the wine. < br> you, Christians believe that we in any case can not be washed righteous world of original sin, because we have small
(they call this idea as humility), if we refuse to repent to God, will go to hell, I just
Hong Kong Shijingzhitu very small, I have already determined, even if the door of heaven opened to me, I
will choose to go to hell, because only by fire, I can maintain a compassionate heart, to hell with the
beings suffering the same time God's big complaint with evil.
(d) If the Bible is called a common sense interpretation of
rich but not people who come into contact with the Bible, read through the Bible, you only thought of Christ
would happen? he inspired by God? Do not deceive yourself, this person certainly would
feel naive, which is full of cruel myth. in this world why so many Christians view the Bible, holding
the golden rule? The reason is very simple, because the Christian experience of thousands of years, the face of the era turn
change, and constantly strive to maintain the original teaching text, at crazy persecution of dissidents among them, could not be any maintenance
, to overthrow the amendments made to achieve in line with the principles of the times. From the heart of the order of denial at
recognized, is the best example.
within a certain range, including cosmology, irrefutable evidence of the technology, so the Christian must not
does not explain the amendment. dynasties from the Age of Enlightenment, people began to have Bible verses
more violent criticism of Christianity's wave after wave of challenges to explain the amendment to become the only way the Christian
, since Sanjiu years AD, the Third Synod of Carthage, Constantine the Great, Imperial Rome, a
the New Testament, this was revised to continue to occur, the first amendment to the interpretation of a famous person, of course, Austria
Gustin, he never mentioned the Bible is not only original sin to flourish (see above (c) of the original sin), also invented the Trinity, the theories of free will, to repair the deficiency the Bible.
in the Age of Enlightenment, then, The book release is sprung up, people's resistance against the Christian-based
questioned, which for hundreds of years, Buddhist scriptures in the Bible can be said that every word every sentence to
human interpretation, Because of this different interpretation, so that split into numerous sects of Christianity (I
tribe will discuss the issue further in another paper). Well, what is the Christian faith? My first
said, No one will believe a myth that (the Christian Old Testament is that the history of Israel, I write twenty thousand words to play
operator of this issue), they are naturally released by the letter's interpretation. have seen < br> interpretation by the book will know, a lot of interpretation by the desire of the book, is to find an excuse to justify, Augustus
Dingfa Ming free will (of human interpretation), to intent mouth stuffed with non-believers, asking why God
do not crime. any rational person a little, will see the Bible, God made the black and white
the ethnic cleansing of Israel (not a simple war, but to live on without leaving the race
cleaning), God used the flood to kill, burn Sodom and E Mora person (with any
not let a baby), playing with Job (Just because a war of words and Satan), which things,
excuse to justify countless Christians (interpretation of scriptures quoted an excuse). only God will call all
uncircumcised men, or die, I have seen four different versions of interpretation by the interpretation of the book St.
discrimination against women by the remarks also appeared in the sixties the so-called women's hermeneutics to explain that this amendment does not
off evil continue to justify continued to explain culture, the formation of a strong Christian. Each
when someone questioned the Bible, the Christian interpretation of Scripture is to specify the action to justify the excuse, if you say
law is not in their interpretation of scriptures in mind the requirements, they will criticize you ignorant, no study of the Bible
, no understanding of Christianity, the Christian will try to become the voice of God, the interpretation of patent
excluded alien species are under the historical tragedy. It is this human interpretation, so that the Christian history
Many who claim to be God's instructions, the imitation of the Old Testament of the ethnic cleansing of other nations, until
still kept in the continuation of the tragedy now. Now Hong Kong's Christians, although not holding a Bible to
ethnic cleansing, but to explain to people what will brutal rationalization, and even brought praise, this
phenomenon, not only will we have a very negative impact on the next generation, so that children do not respect life, that is not to become confused
, how sad!!
(e) exclusion and discrimination
discrimination and exclusion of Christians, I believe that all non-Christians will be felt. Even if you sit at home safe
, open the newspaper, but also to see the states Christian marriage agency opened, the first sentence is
born again Christians established a set of accepted values, preaching to persuade people not to practice
Qigong followers not to listen to New Age music, because these are things Xie Yi, the number of fortune-telling technique with much less
said. you and they speak, even if they do not declare the the mouth, but can also feel the kind of discrimination
eyes, the kind that have been saved from rebirth, from the condescending arrogance, with poor light
your head looking at you, or even consider themselves the voice of God, to your rescue Oliver.
new church in Hong Kong, the exclusive case is worse, many Protestants do not recognize Catholics as Christians (of ignorance, but the black heart of these
Catholics are Christians, the term attempted to private possession, and re-interpretation),
of course, there is also a Catholic to Protestant villain called the oath, does not recognize all of the Protestants as
not baptized Christians. near the viewer to see Christians generally the case, what explanation they? generally the most popular explanation is
times, which is part of their faith, they really believe the Bible, it is believed that a non-Christian are the devil
more sincerely believe give some examples. hundred years ago, whites in the United States black
slave trafficking was not no one questioned this behavior, but there are many white people truly believe that black
not really human, just people and between the apes, who published numerous books, to illustrate the low
blacks, and some books even say black sensory nerves and humans, ability to bear the pain special
high wire across the palm of your hand does not feel their pain in order to rationalize their abuse of blacks.
World War II, Hitler had also truly believe that superior Germanic people, have
because Jews were killed by truly believe that Jesus, bring the curse of heaven, so all Damn Jews.
As Pol Pot in Cambodia, it is true that his vision of communism, before killing three hundred
million. The so-called truly believe, it really is a very good excuse. Christians Today you can believe
teachings to discriminate against others, the others as the devil, of course, why he carried out towards any act, not
alarmist to think that this is wishful thinking, a decade ago, no one would ever thought before
Yugoslavia who also had a neighbor kill each other, is this discrimination bones, it is reasonable
Chile lost.
earthly society, civilization and development so far, we have begun to have some consensus should not be
of age discrimination, should not have racial discrimination, should not be sex discrimination, but the Christian institutions, but to religious discrimination
as the benchmark for recruitment (if the nature of missionary work, unless of course) , and an excuse for a large number of exclusive
excuse, intended to rationalize such behavior. Christian discrimination against non-Christian contempt, is seen at
Department, discrimination, neglect and a lot of excuses and rationalization, the course brought strong rebound
, that Christians are discriminated against non-Christians with contempt, fostering a mutual discrimination, poor results
. In contrast Buddhism in Hong Kong are generally not subject to non-Buddhists of discrimination (except Christians) ,
only because Buddhists do not discriminate against any pretext or contempt of others, Buddhism is not exclusive only
. Do not underestimate this cross discrimination against them, if Hong Kong is not completely anti-Christian woke up, still maintained
The bones of discrimination, is difficult to expect non-Christians to remove hostility against Christians eyes, and this
small hostile fire, if there will be a major disaster by the guide.
(f) hostile to religion, science
Christian hostility to science, from ancient times alike, Copernicus, Galileo story, everyone familiar all
, those hostile to the science of behavior, two thousand years, and did not stop, just a different extent.
today, the Christian hostility has not changed the nature of science, of which the most extreme horizon
Society of the United States still insists on a piece of the earth is flat, is consistent with the theory of Genesis, but also that the earth is only six thousand years of history
, or only a million-year-old fundamentalist. fair that point,
the past four decades, the European and American Christians hostile to the scientific situation has changed dramatically, most people
religious logic and scientific logic that should be completely separated, except for some small number of extremists outside
to attack Christians on behalf of evolution and astrophysics who have less and less, while the Pope has
open that some of the arguments is true. of course, that all believers to live in ignorance, the most Jiaoren can do nothing without
, is Hong Kong's new generation of intellectuals, although many followers, but the Chinese people's servility is
remains unchanged, Gan Xinshou Mission theory of man blinded by ignorance, hostility to science to do its followers.
in Hong Kong, we can see the most extreme examples of hostility to science, when the number of the door is decent l l r as teaching heresy
r of Zion, and their Liang Japan-China leaders, public speaking has not yet thirty years ago the dinosaurs became extinct, and its more than
sects, and Liang compared to China and Japan, but it is 五十步笑百步 it. in the general church, are circulating two
big lie, the first was Darwin a Christian (twenty-five years ago indeed, and
and this version than anyone else, full of piety and devotion of the heart), the second is the Einstein < br> Christian (a child is indeed). In Hong Kong, if you run into the general Christian, if
on their discussion of evolution, their first reaction is that evolution is not long since been overturned yet? (I think
know people who have this reaction, many of which are students!) there are some Christians, said archaeologists had found Noah's Ark
, while in Italy, the piece is more for many years the so-called Shroud of Jesus been put on the
Altar, which is the result of the Church stupefying success for a long time.
reading some of the more willing followers, if you ask him how the theory of evolution was overthrown, their answer is all of the thousands of articles
. those hostile to the Christian Science textbook published by designated, such as the evolution of faults, the complexity can not evolve out of control
Officer, Darwin said evolution is gradual, not a mutation. These Christians,
never refused to seriously picked up the book of evolution. Some preachers even more specious
to the story, r to l prove wrong the theory of evolution, such as throwing God will watch parts, impossible to fall off a table and other hand
completely unrelated, the probability The story is not common to Yuhuo believers, and Christians
and bored with the spread of these childish Yuhuo brought so much as sigh.
Darwin was a genius, and evolution is one of countless people need long-term The accumulated research topics, can be said of Irving
a research direction is pointed out, and now the evolution of species from Darwin for many years, science
home were also realistic and only bit by bit, these respectable scientists, never thought of overthrowing or offensive
hit theory of creation, they only work in their range, little by little understanding of the Earth in the fossil heap
the past 4.6 billion years of history, but who creationism is very mind, but has also made efforts to tell a lie big
stupefying amount, taken out of context (but ignorance and the right way) to attack scientists, and Hong Kong
Christians, can be said to be among the best examples. the time of writing received e-mail to my Christian friends
a web page, the Sinosauropteryx, between Christians seem to find the dragon and the bird is disturbed
(apart from this incomprehensible attitude strange), see Web content, there are Christians in the scientific community questioned whether the bird ancestor of birds, dragons
article amplification, to confirm the species does have faults. In fact, this beast toe
evolution debate exists within the scientific community for several years , we see no fundamental ability of Popular Science Writings on
this discussion under the judgments, and scientists question the theory of evolution has never been an opponent of the Christians have ulterior motives but was brought
creating a big article, the mean heart It is difficult to describe.
people to explore science, no one will believe that l r evolution, we will only be regarded as one of the scientific disciplines,
study hard, as if Einstein, Newton r l believe that the findings,
relativity would not be there, l believe that only Christians will r theory of creation, and to attack the theory of evolution, which
is the essence of the Christian.
(g) to kill an excuse
SC Jun Q: I would like to ask, do you know do not know how bad you do not think the Christians? have no understanding of who you think is a good Christian
? Do you think it will do no good Christian?
Actually, I've never irrational for any Christian, not to ferret out the life of any Christian
hot pursuit of evil, nor because of resistance to Christian friends. in my personal experience,
rarely change their religion was really through, what will be their own people from what
into another person (the surface may change), so a Christian victims of sudden change of face , I will only say that our humanity
, his character is simply that, not surprisingly.
many of my friends, I observed that most Christians and non-Christians were definitely not Road
Germany is good or bad personality, but the surface of some strange phenomena, such as people hate Christians in general rather begging the
, is to be extended to non-Christian concept of original sin, denounce the person guilty, also some other Christians are very proud,
saved from that privileged rebirth. In addition, I do not see what the base with non-significant difference in the base.
I can not accept Christianity because, not that of Christ more corrupt than non-Christian believers, but potentially very bad this organization
incentives should be stronger than any organization, and the extent of deterioration, but also to be worse than any
people.
to Let me give a simple case, and most people do evil in this world, there will be the bottom line, because they know the evil from
have any inhuman person will have a conscience in the heart thing, so the big thief kill the king
, also runs down the old infant and soft-hearted, this is our innate conscience. But the worst
the world who is perfect as an excuse to those who achieve such human The so-called ideal in mind, will not choose hand
section, evil no bottom line, as Pol Pot, Hitler, XXX, etc., if they do not have a
a lofty ideal as an excuse to support, simply do not may be bad to have no bottom line (the line
Clinton for the recent bombings, but also in this category), but my observation of history, I found these bad enough to have any bottom line to the desired pretext for
people, the most horrible is still a Christian. The reason is very simple, because they have long had good
know deep inside, to God, so they kill all the other ideals than those who kill, more come straighten air
strong, but not anti-wake up from their ideal doubt.
offensive to see the Old Testament Israelites Canaan, I have no doubt that he is convinced that they commanded by God to conduct species
ethnic cleansing, as the Crusaders expedition, I have no doubt that these Christians believe themselves subject to God's instructions
carried out massacres, even in colonial America and the era of the African continent, do not believe those who kill or cut the hands and feet, and I do not doubt cents
They believe their own to follow God's instructions, on the other ethnic massacres and killings so no
guilt, and so confidently.
Christ in me, is a neutral word, Christians and non-me Christians, like ordinary people a
, there is no good or bad, but when a large group of ordinary people with weapons, read the emotion out of the inner demons, as well as straighten
fierce excuse, it will become disaster, Hong Kong's Christians, even this version of the Christian, in fact,
and the Crusaders, settlers, Northern Ireland, Christians, Christians of Serbia did not do, can do good can also line
evil, only that we are a different time and space, just happens to have different, but people are still human beings in the name of the Father l r for
and evil, and Israeli ethnic cleansing of the behavior of the Canaanites would be perpetuated, Deuteronomy within the
God commanded to kill infidels in the scriptures of all Christians will always be an excuse, and never will become a mystical experience
to fuse, because no one can judge other people's mystical experience.
(attached) that taught me why
I used to be a Christian, and is very devoted, more pilgrims visited Jerusalem, and of course feel
to have God, pray every night when they talk to him, each will make a decision to ask his opinion , but
years ago, I asked a question, why it is so evil in this world, why God would allow evil in the world is so evil
there.
to 2084, the Israeli hard-line hawks General Sharon, Palestinian terrorists an excuse for hunting, sending several hundred Israeli soldiers
, entered at the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, all the soldiers took the US-made M16 rifles
, into the camp after the silent, Luanqiang against unarmed Palestinians fired a time
camps into hell on earth, outside of the United Nations refugee camp, eagerly looking at the most since World War II massacre
cruel world, no way. Finally, the Israeli army two thousand people were massacred, with more than Bacheng small
children and women. Sharon is not the Jewish General, but the letter of the Christians, the same evening, Los Angeles
Times visited Sharon General, he said, retaining his responsibility is to preserve the land of Canaan mentioned in the Bible is not strange
people occupied, so he will never regret for their actions.
very day I sad, crying so badly that night I said to my God, if this world is so ugly
really evil, I choose to believe Satan, if this world really heaven, I would prefer to hell, because I am ashamed and live Church people in the company of
days, and since the moment, I suddenly felt an unprecedented joy, the mind as being full of the goodness of
first sucked into a mind free air. Since then, the feeling that God getting away from me,
I'm like a born again saved, this is my first experience of the body. Until now, I deeply believe that
Christian (including Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Unification Church, Jesus card , Book of Mormon, the Sabbath to teach, etc.) are the largest cult in history
, if we kill many, means the cruel, far-reaching damage to human, they must
on second to none, I just want to compassion of the heart, out of a witness, anyway, even if the kidnapped me into heaven,
I will not go.
watching television news yesterday, Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu reappointment of the killing spree for the Israeli Foreign Minister, and
immediately declare this person, he would not accept the current lot of hard work Rabin's peace agreement in return, never
will be returned to the West Bank land to Palestinians, thirteen percent, I do not know What is the world of justice,
this world do not know the name of the Father when we can end the massacre, but Christians do not understand why something so numb to these
.
XXX: Please refer to the original
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Wuyi Deng governance of the village with the main path
MM and agreed to the criticism, Mr. Star
relegated to the past time to be star Central , with the same idea, we also make a corresponding response text, and to further sort out our research on village governance and advocates Interpretations.
be a text that the central The shift of focus from the issue of democracy governance issues, from the village of autonomy within the exogenous value of the steering Mechanism, and then within the framework of autonomy in the village to discuss the village for treatment. This is the blessing in our place, but also the question of our beginning. But , we believe that approval is still doubt whether, in fact, to a large extent on the problem itself is a serious miscarriage of justice, in order to eliminate false positives, first of all on our Developmental Way of academic groups to sort out is essential, as the comb the commencement of the response to this question also from a financial one. [1]
according to the text of the statement should those of us who constitute the contemporary political and social research in rural China, the to look up, or doing research village governance. rural governance that rural governance, rather than autonomy, we tried to rural governance as a platform and the main line, by reading and understanding of rural society in transition, the governance changes and characteristics of top-down policy, legal and institutional implementation of the process in the rural areas, mechanisms and results to understand the Chinese countryside, which in rural China and China's overall modernization of the theory put forward our program of instructions and practice.
However, Tracing the source, our study Indeed, the formation of groups and Village Autonomy in inverted inextricably linked. Back in the 1980s, the older generation in political science and sociology scholars, such as Hou-an, Mr. Xin Qiushui change research orientation, in-depth research in rural areas, in the earliest not attracted much attention at the inception of the grass-roots grass-roots democracy and autonomy of the villagers and village self-government system in the drafting of relevant legal documents, which form the future of the country marked the beginning of villager autonomy. From the mid-1990s, Xu Yong, Xiang following Mr. Zhang Houan such as the right to undertake further research and to expand, the village self-government study on the expansion of the village governance. [2] can be said that it is Zhang, Xu and others of our group to come directly form the premises and rural studies basis, we have indeed along Zhang, Xu et al study came to be large ones. As a result, the text said the villagers should be discussed within the framework of autonomy village governance, indeed to see the logic of our study and the historical starting point However, they may be subject to some kind of knowledge and values of the structure in 1997n1999 years, during which they generally form two linked and there is tension both directions: First, from Hubei , gay-hui, who began by observing village elections in rural society in transition, the nature of the conscious perspective.
Koike Huangmei elusive town of a village hut village governance reform of the social experiment, the purpose was to try to time our knowledge about the villager autonomy theory into practice, to practice advocated by the Hou-An and the . However, it has witnessed in this experiment to each person with deep inspiration, Wuyi Deng people is through this test, recognized as an exogenous villager autonomy system and membrane of Chinese local society and rural researchers lack of knowledge in rural areas, and they sense it as the result of the initiation and began to consciously leave that was later summarized as understanding and interpretation (WU Yi, 2002, Chapter XIV epilogue).
with this general during the same period in 1998, compared with field researchers engaged in election observation and the opportunity to experience the rural political future, this group constitutes almost all our researchers are involved in village committee elections at this time of observation, we have observed elections in dozens of villages, in the village is a long time in January as short week, footprints all over the Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other provinces. In order to understand the village committee elections, we made a number of villages to return survey. On this basis, we issued and published a number of treatises.
in these writings, we invariably prefer the creation of the village itself, but for various reasons it was quickly accepted by the system after a top-down by the government to give most of the villages, so it is basically a rural society in exogenous variables. (to be stars, 2005) Therefore, the election of the village and the village election is equivalent to two separate collisions between the objects and experiences. one hand, the election is no different in most of rural China in a stone into calm The lake, it is bound to stir the waves stirred up the original village of the daily political logic to the unfolding of events according to the activation of the election and pulled out of the daily life of the country long tired of all the layers and contradictions between the network so that people fortunate enough to clear observed in the prosaic life of the country show up in the drama is difficult to focus on rural political scene, and so the path to further explore the mechanism of the village and the hidden politics behind the presentation of the flow of social relations. [4] and another , the electoral system into the village field is also facing another scenario happened, it makes the viewer not only the opportunity to experience the new system into place that is bound to the fusion of theoretical and empirical issues, but also to experience the same system In a variety of different villages in the Field of interpretation process, and hence the reproduction is different from the original rules of the game is different from the rural political order of the new village election political mechanism. is precisely through this two-way encounter, as a collective consciousness, we realize the concept of village self-government and structure of the thing as a construction value in expressing concern of intellectuals, sometimes occur in the endogenous development of the village can not accommodate the complex needs and thus rise to the demand mechanism connecting macro-political sometimes occur in the formation of village development and micro mismatch. So, anything really experienced researchers observed village elections are inevitable not to think about this issue and trying to find the path to solve this puzzle, that is, through village elections and village self-government to remove the democratization of imagination and into the understanding of rural society itself into, trying to find the villagers in the village self-government within the society based on survival and development; also inevitably want to know not only in the rural village committee elections community how to start, but want to understand why the village committee election is so so, rather than expand in the rural society. As a result, the village committee election observation, historical and political circles as a group of Chinese researchers change of Villagers sight, into a wider field of rural social research incision path and strategy.
is along the direction of the development of such a search, we finally have a 2001 magazine and the China Social Sciences in the United Jingmen organized the from corporate restructuring, clan culture, the angle of the rise and fall to discuss village affairs and so on village governance, but also to replace the villagers of this period of autonomy of our new theme, [5] the final review meeting to community is echoed each other, although we mainly through specific studies of the referred to as the research to understand the current status of Chinese rural society and its regional differences, in order to understand autonomy as the villagers of rural society into a different process, mechanisms and consequences. [6] Subsequently, as the burden of farmers, rural organizations, rural finance, taxes reform, which constitutes the country's rural history and type of a broader range of content in this period were included in the study horizon. This series marks the shift the focus of our research and research framework for the transfer of recycling, it is this Steering and recycling, WU Yi only had a autonomy in the village, but the study to the narrative strategy is similar to consciously different from previous works.
in this conversion, the Wuyi Deng tried to change the depth of understanding of village society, and He Xuefeng and others are trying to and interpretation of, the dominant operation in rural China and its deep political and social mechanisms the final reason for the learning experience of operating to provide a more reliable platform. Xuefeng and others in a large number of rural research, then gradually was further that question, rural areas in Hubei Jingshan method of Rural Studies, organized the first high-level seminar, the same year in December, held in small seminar Jingmen rural areas, basic research specifically discuss the possibility of rural policy .2004 September, we organized the second session of the Rural Research Methods Advanced Seminar, invited anthropology, sociology, history, law and political science scholars from different disciplines such as multi-disciplinary understanding of the possibility and necessity in rural areas. service in the study steering, since 2003, we have gradually sub-regional, sub-topic in the research, research topics related to rural water, rural mediation, rural health, rural elderly security system and many rural areas, while research areas are mainly concentrated in the large rural population density west in an attempt to to understand the China's political development and political sociology, social development path of the decision, rather than the default can be man-made, nor as to be star said, the simplistic association between governance Following self-government as a household contract responsibility system of land after another institutional innovation in rural areas, whether it is the end of the underlying roots Zhao social, or benefit from the advancement of the upper structure or the intelligentsia, it at least provides an academic focus of the academic sink, will study the perspective of the world the opportunity to target the real world. Therefore, we believe, for the autonomy of villagers in itself is not a false problem (of course, wishful thinking to the interpretation and construction of village autonomy and the relationship between the path of political development in China is another matter), but also not to be stars, as is implied by the misreading of village politics and governance of the limitations of the village, but in the parting of the Enlightenment ideal of a simple question, after singing return. It is problem in such a regression, it is possible further to the perception, interpretation and explore and build capacity are relatively more inclusive governance problems of the village field, as was also possible (including Ying Xing) advocated it, and then to seek half of the 20th Century village of Rich Modern Studies and Overseas Chinese Village continuation of this outstanding academic tradition, and bathing the provision of In this sense, does not exist to say whether the star should be in the village should be discussed within the framework of autonomy village governance issues, governance or in the villages the villagers to discuss the issue of autonomy within the framework of the structuralist binary separation, rather said that it is through the practice of villager autonomy, political academic was able to criticism of our research orientation and research framework should have been more academic history and action for the inspection process itself, but less one or the other, outside of the
With the above research groups of our academic approach of self-representation can be more targeted response to the criticism of our star the next.
1, research perspective and research framework should
Man that was with how to control the problem Star, 2005) This is a criticism of my comrades-hui, we do not discuss in this article. However, should the text instead said: to discuss governance issues within the logic of the village should be within the framework of governance in the village to face the complexity of village autonomy. It is not difficult to find stars of our criticism should be completely inaccurate. Indeed, just as the text annotation should be pointed out as early as in 1999, He Xuefeng, believes that Villagers should be how to implement concerns, the author attempts to point out that the State has been years in the trial and formally promulgated and implemented, this is a policy that can no longer express different and even diametrically opposed views), but should focus on the framework of self-government in the village for the actual village in rural China, the political skills to design rich device Village Governance . Obviously, He Man here is for the policy debate, rather than the academic discussion, and therefore, He Man and the academic community has since we did not even without system, operation mechanism and performance, while recognizing that rural China. For example, WU Yi inspected six months of 1998 with a century in East dual political changes, one of the purposes is hoped that through the study of political history of the village, to understand the current the basis of village politics, or law and order in the village since the 20th century village in the entire course of treatment to locate and understand. Because of this, he may see a series of villager autonomy system design is mainly reflected from above, only civil affairs department under the policy to pursue, rather than the pursuit of other departments, and the pursuit of the various power sector policy also tension, to arrive at and more macro-level decisions about the governance of the normal features of the village, which is our system of villager autonomy in the performance evaluation must be considered a big problem Dong Leiming Northern Jiangsu Province in 2001 through the survey also believe that self-government in nature but the villagers in the countryside between floating layer of oil on the water (Donglei Ming, 2004). Xuefeng in 2002, pointed out: democratization of village governance, even possible a theoretical result, is paralyzed state of village governance and profit cycles in the Broker. carefully observe the current village-level governance in rural China, a number of areas of this cycle has been signs discussion of rural governance, on the contrary, when we talk about when the villager autonomy, it is advocated if I should sing it, and comrades-hui will be aware of, arrangements, there are many short-term behavior for rural cadres to the opportunity for personal gain, associated with a high degree of village society has the same action may be strong to resist. arrangements, but the village to maintain order in the relationship between fact and democracy is not large, but correlation with the village community village of the intrinsic nature of the relationship between the large the performance of self-government, we have more than a clear understanding should be stars. Through the practice of village autonomy investigation, we believe that Villagers can not in fact in many areas of governance to achieve policy goals intended, in some places, its role and even but as a stick into the water, will stir up old conflicts villages, resulting in new and serious problem. The purpose of self-government have been the villagers is to provide a new village order to address the problem of village public goods provision, but we also clearly see , in a considerable part of the village, but it may destroy the existing order in the village and make the supply of public goods in trouble. that in our internal discussions, an opinion or even that the concept of governance at the macro and institutional change in circumstances, the current reason for the universality of village governance to maintain order, and perhaps the text is not the villager autonomy system in place, but rather may be that it is not in place, because it's in place will not inevitably lead to conflicts between villages affected the achievement of national goals. [7] is not from the value of the above understanding and political action on the negative aspects of autonomy, but noted that no system exists with the up, down, left and right system and the relationship between various established contact, and its performance can not be judged in isolation. We have sought the whole observation and research, reveals the operation of the villagers and village autonomy within society the relationship between nature, the only way to contribute to a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of rural villager autonomy under the governance system also be possible to truly help improve this system.
but very unfortunately, should be noted that these stars would have never had to start in his criticism of the responsibility before the object has been criticized publicly noticed a large number of published academic speech , which, apart from regret, it'll also add to what?
2, reject Western theories, I hope directly to the field to create their own set of theories. careful study, they advocated the performance of wild thinking theory and anti-anti-Westernization both connections and differences between the two trend , 2005). for anti-Westernization, should be the next star, said, Can all of your West to cast their colored glasses and glasses? empiricism Orientation for the new theory of thinking. , but was present, was constructed. And no one's unique perception, the problem is not keen sense of social reality, even as gods like standing on the top, people may turn a blind eye Are there specific, and can not in a hurry to a conclusion.
what we actually do, and field research work already out there, I believe the critics before the commencement of criticism should be clear in the chest, or criticism Yiping will lose, or come and see us in the end here is how to present their theoretical claims. is quoted to be stars, more and more dominated by the Western academic discourse study of village governance hh stressed wild thinking, is to learn the essence of Western social science at the same time, deliberate attention to breakthroughs in Western social science research on village governance limitations of scientific knowledge from the West restrictions, but also from Western social science has been formed with the hegemony of the academic dogma of limited colors, and boldly put forward new ideas on village governance. , the introduction of Western social science theory is not only necessary, but the problem is not to be hh or not the introduction of Western social science, you do not wear tinted glasses from the West, but in social science from the West can not let the general default monopoly of China interpretation of reality. see more clearly the reality, but because it can be seen increasingly dominant position in the current Western social sciences from the tinted glasses can not see something, and can compete on this basis. competition easier for the many colored glasses to see the original appearance of the village government. with a colored glasses on. China's rural society, but that can not only use colored glasses view of Western China's rural society. We aim to be based on China's realities, learning from the West and China, based on local research to create a classic of our own colored glasses, which may be regarded as frivolous or ignore the academic tradition, perhaps because of capacity and energy (of course not rule out preference) intentionally or unintentionally omitted because a lot of Western literature (such as being left out or do not understand that Foucault), but do Not every scholar's dream and escape the embrace of the plight? Therefore, the anti-Western hat also right when the alert is only a friendly. Just think, if anyone dared to throw a hundred years to make the cultural accumulation of Western Learning, included in its formation under the influence and transformation of China's new culture, but also how to even the most basic living, let alone thinking and writing. This is a common sense, need not be self-evident to create problems discussion.
step forward both the theory is, there is no star said we should September 2004 we held the second method of Rural Studies, Senior Seminar class, WU Yi Village Politics in the summary of the research and development, the admitted imagination, but also enriched the vocabulary of their expression, and expand their research perspective, the social basis of political attention, in itself contributed to the maturity of political sociology. Again, through the help of anthropologists, political scientists not only learned The thematic concern of the rural research, more important is to master a new way of expression of the text is by some scholars to be hh anthropological field research, find and build the academic and the relationship between post-modern China. And by drawing on history, is also making a study of contemporary rural political vision of a more in-depth some useful social science concepts and theoretical paradigms, as long as its full explanatory power in rural China, and brought a little problem with that. At the same time, needs to be emphasized is that it strongly opposed to that in the study appear to rural China problem, but in reality desire for dialogue with the West br> listed above, we published the text is to show that we are not against the Western social science, much less the stars said to be anti-theoretical bent, but that should be the main place in China and rural China, to learn and absorb the West Science (including the existing academic knowledge in China). We must and have to learn Western social science, but we do not therefore found in Western social science is universally applicable truth, do not think it is only Western academic is the theory [10], but to maintain both academic and reflect the position of the full alert on our glasses to be used as casting materials. It is precisely because the out How come the words is embedded in the existing gray, hazy empirical phenomena that make them suitable for certain academic order of integration, called the knowledge and discovery, and as a ruler to cut a new object of observation and in life itself presentation of the logic of argumentation (which in itself imply the existence of certain of the reason first) to find the existing theory of collision and stirring, to construct it will no longer words such as civil society is not to be the kind of star to our definition of anti-Western and anti-theory of the this train on the post-modern, it is not longer be regarded as anti-Western or even non-theoretical, have to find the expression of Chinese thinking, Western-style), that is, field trips, such as Algeria, Bourdieu we got a class that contrary to civilized society We, the Western theory is still a need to make self-examination and the contrast of the such a context, Xuefeng Concerned only As a result, as the entry point to care for academic field research in rural China, because the lack of overall care, under the strong Western discourse is not difficult to ablation (loss) into the paradigms of Western social science. Based on the experience in China, and establish useful for understanding the social science of Chinese society, or how the general theory of social sciences in the West and China to establish correspondence between social reality, so that Western social sciences help to understand the Chinese Context The following issues do not those things in pursuit of the Chinese words corresponding to the fields of Western Research Institute to complete the task and with the agitation, In addition to the insufficiency of their own construction, is also thinking of the lack of the wild?
, of course, because of the time, energy and vision limitations, the main focus will be placed in rural China to understand the present, to determine our basic academic point to be More of practice and action, rather than simply the nature of dialogue or knowledge production. When we survey found that need general phenomenon, or can be established to judge, we a, or lost in the shallow, is ...
relegated to the past time to be star Central , with the same idea, we also make a corresponding response text, and to further sort out our research on village governance and advocates Interpretations.
be a text that the central The shift of focus from the issue of democracy governance issues, from the village of autonomy within the exogenous value of the steering Mechanism, and then within the framework of autonomy in the village to discuss the village for treatment. This is the blessing in our place, but also the question of our beginning. But , we believe that approval is still doubt whether, in fact, to a large extent on the problem itself is a serious miscarriage of justice, in order to eliminate false positives, first of all on our Developmental Way of academic groups to sort out is essential, as the comb the commencement of the response to this question also from a financial one. [1]
according to the text of the statement should those of us who constitute the contemporary political and social research in rural China, the to look up, or doing research village governance. rural governance that rural governance, rather than autonomy, we tried to rural governance as a platform and the main line, by reading and understanding of rural society in transition, the governance changes and characteristics of top-down policy, legal and institutional implementation of the process in the rural areas, mechanisms and results to understand the Chinese countryside, which in rural China and China's overall modernization of the theory put forward our program of instructions and practice.
However, Tracing the source, our study Indeed, the formation of groups and Village Autonomy in inverted inextricably linked. Back in the 1980s, the older generation in political science and sociology scholars, such as Hou-an, Mr. Xin Qiushui change research orientation, in-depth research in rural areas, in the earliest not attracted much attention at the inception of the grass-roots grass-roots democracy and autonomy of the villagers and village self-government system in the drafting of relevant legal documents, which form the future of the country marked the beginning of villager autonomy. From the mid-1990s, Xu Yong, Xiang following Mr. Zhang Houan such as the right to undertake further research and to expand, the village self-government study on the expansion of the village governance. [2] can be said that it is Zhang, Xu and others of our group to come directly form the premises and rural studies basis, we have indeed along Zhang, Xu et al study came to be large ones. As a result, the text said the villagers should be discussed within the framework of autonomy village governance, indeed to see the logic of our study and the historical starting point However, they may be subject to some kind of knowledge and values of the structure in 1997n1999 years, during which they generally form two linked and there is tension both directions: First, from Hubei , gay-hui, who began by observing village elections in rural society in transition, the nature of the conscious perspective.
Koike Huangmei elusive town of a village hut village governance reform of the social experiment, the purpose was to try to time our knowledge about the villager autonomy theory into practice, to practice advocated by the Hou-An and the . However, it has witnessed in this experiment to each person with deep inspiration, Wuyi Deng people is through this test, recognized as an exogenous villager autonomy system and membrane of Chinese local society and rural researchers lack of knowledge in rural areas, and they sense it as the result of the initiation and began to consciously leave that was later summarized as understanding and interpretation (WU Yi, 2002, Chapter XIV epilogue).
with this general during the same period in 1998, compared with field researchers engaged in election observation and the opportunity to experience the rural political future, this group constitutes almost all our researchers are involved in village committee elections at this time of observation, we have observed elections in dozens of villages, in the village is a long time in January as short week, footprints all over the Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other provinces. In order to understand the village committee elections, we made a number of villages to return survey. On this basis, we issued and published a number of treatises.
in these writings, we invariably prefer the creation of the village itself, but for various reasons it was quickly accepted by the system after a top-down by the government to give most of the villages, so it is basically a rural society in exogenous variables. (to be stars, 2005) Therefore, the election of the village and the village election is equivalent to two separate collisions between the objects and experiences. one hand, the election is no different in most of rural China in a stone into calm The lake, it is bound to stir the waves stirred up the original village of the daily political logic to the unfolding of events according to the activation of the election and pulled out of the daily life of the country long tired of all the layers and contradictions between the network so that people fortunate enough to clear observed in the prosaic life of the country show up in the drama is difficult to focus on rural political scene, and so the path to further explore the mechanism of the village and the hidden politics behind the presentation of the flow of social relations. [4] and another , the electoral system into the village field is also facing another scenario happened, it makes the viewer not only the opportunity to experience the new system into place that is bound to the fusion of theoretical and empirical issues, but also to experience the same system In a variety of different villages in the Field of interpretation process, and hence the reproduction is different from the original rules of the game is different from the rural political order of the new village election political mechanism. is precisely through this two-way encounter, as a collective consciousness, we realize the concept of village self-government and structure of the thing as a construction value in expressing concern of intellectuals, sometimes occur in the endogenous development of the village can not accommodate the complex needs and thus rise to the demand mechanism connecting macro-political sometimes occur in the formation of village development and micro mismatch. So, anything really experienced researchers observed village elections are inevitable not to think about this issue and trying to find the path to solve this puzzle, that is, through village elections and village self-government to remove the democratization of imagination and into the understanding of rural society itself into, trying to find the villagers in the village self-government within the society based on survival and development; also inevitably want to know not only in the rural village committee elections community how to start, but want to understand why the village committee election is so so, rather than expand in the rural society. As a result, the village committee election observation, historical and political circles as a group of Chinese researchers change of Villagers sight, into a wider field of rural social research incision path and strategy.
is along the direction of the development of such a search, we finally have a 2001 magazine and the China Social Sciences in the United Jingmen organized the from corporate restructuring, clan culture, the angle of the rise and fall to discuss village affairs and so on village governance, but also to replace the villagers of this period of autonomy of our new theme, [5] the final review meeting to community is echoed each other, although we mainly through specific studies of the referred to as the research to understand the current status of Chinese rural society and its regional differences, in order to understand autonomy as the villagers of rural society into a different process, mechanisms and consequences. [6] Subsequently, as the burden of farmers, rural organizations, rural finance, taxes reform, which constitutes the country's rural history and type of a broader range of content in this period were included in the study horizon. This series marks the shift the focus of our research and research framework for the transfer of recycling, it is this Steering and recycling, WU Yi only had a autonomy in the village, but the study to the narrative strategy is similar to consciously different from previous works.
in this conversion, the Wuyi Deng tried to change the depth of understanding of village society, and He Xuefeng and others are trying to and interpretation of, the dominant operation in rural China and its deep political and social mechanisms the final reason for the learning experience of operating to provide a more reliable platform. Xuefeng and others in a large number of rural research, then gradually was further that question, rural areas in Hubei Jingshan method of Rural Studies, organized the first high-level seminar, the same year in December, held in small seminar Jingmen rural areas, basic research specifically discuss the possibility of rural policy .2004 September, we organized the second session of the Rural Research Methods Advanced Seminar, invited anthropology, sociology, history, law and political science scholars from different disciplines such as multi-disciplinary understanding of the possibility and necessity in rural areas. service in the study steering, since 2003, we have gradually sub-regional, sub-topic in the research, research topics related to rural water, rural mediation, rural health, rural elderly security system and many rural areas, while research areas are mainly concentrated in the large rural population density west in an attempt to to understand the China's political development and political sociology, social development path of the decision, rather than the default can be man-made, nor as to be star said, the simplistic association between governance Following self-government as a household contract responsibility system of land after another institutional innovation in rural areas, whether it is the end of the underlying roots Zhao social, or benefit from the advancement of the upper structure or the intelligentsia, it at least provides an academic focus of the academic sink, will study the perspective of the world the opportunity to target the real world. Therefore, we believe, for the autonomy of villagers in itself is not a false problem (of course, wishful thinking to the interpretation and construction of village autonomy and the relationship between the path of political development in China is another matter), but also not to be stars, as is implied by the misreading of village politics and governance of the limitations of the village, but in the parting of the Enlightenment ideal of a simple question, after singing return. It is problem in such a regression, it is possible further to the perception, interpretation and explore and build capacity are relatively more inclusive governance problems of the village field, as was also possible (including Ying Xing) advocated it, and then to seek half of the 20th Century village of Rich Modern Studies and Overseas Chinese Village continuation of this outstanding academic tradition, and bathing the provision of In this sense, does not exist to say whether the star should be in the village should be discussed within the framework of autonomy village governance issues, governance or in the villages the villagers to discuss the issue of autonomy within the framework of the structuralist binary separation, rather said that it is through the practice of villager autonomy, political academic was able to criticism of our research orientation and research framework should have been more academic history and action for the inspection process itself, but less one or the other, outside of the
With the above research groups of our academic approach of self-representation can be more targeted response to the criticism of our star the next.
1, research perspective and research framework should
Man that was with how to control the problem Star, 2005) This is a criticism of my comrades-hui, we do not discuss in this article. However, should the text instead said: to discuss governance issues within the logic of the village should be within the framework of governance in the village to face the complexity of village autonomy. It is not difficult to find stars of our criticism should be completely inaccurate. Indeed, just as the text annotation should be pointed out as early as in 1999, He Xuefeng, believes that Villagers should be how to implement concerns, the author attempts to point out that the State has been years in the trial and formally promulgated and implemented, this is a policy that can no longer express different and even diametrically opposed views), but should focus on the framework of self-government in the village for the actual village in rural China, the political skills to design rich device Village Governance . Obviously, He Man here is for the policy debate, rather than the academic discussion, and therefore, He Man and the academic community has since we did not even without system, operation mechanism and performance, while recognizing that rural China. For example, WU Yi inspected six months of 1998 with a century in East dual political changes, one of the purposes is hoped that through the study of political history of the village, to understand the current the basis of village politics, or law and order in the village since the 20th century village in the entire course of treatment to locate and understand. Because of this, he may see a series of villager autonomy system design is mainly reflected from above, only civil affairs department under the policy to pursue, rather than the pursuit of other departments, and the pursuit of the various power sector policy also tension, to arrive at and more macro-level decisions about the governance of the normal features of the village, which is our system of villager autonomy in the performance evaluation must be considered a big problem Dong Leiming Northern Jiangsu Province in 2001 through the survey also believe that self-government in nature but the villagers in the countryside between floating layer of oil on the water (Donglei Ming, 2004). Xuefeng in 2002, pointed out: democratization of village governance, even possible a theoretical result, is paralyzed state of village governance and profit cycles in the Broker. carefully observe the current village-level governance in rural China, a number of areas of this cycle has been signs discussion of rural governance, on the contrary, when we talk about when the villager autonomy, it is advocated if I should sing it, and comrades-hui will be aware of, arrangements, there are many short-term behavior for rural cadres to the opportunity for personal gain, associated with a high degree of village society has the same action may be strong to resist. arrangements, but the village to maintain order in the relationship between fact and democracy is not large, but correlation with the village community village of the intrinsic nature of the relationship between the large the performance of self-government, we have more than a clear understanding should be stars. Through the practice of village autonomy investigation, we believe that Villagers can not in fact in many areas of governance to achieve policy goals intended, in some places, its role and even but as a stick into the water, will stir up old conflicts villages, resulting in new and serious problem. The purpose of self-government have been the villagers is to provide a new village order to address the problem of village public goods provision, but we also clearly see , in a considerable part of the village, but it may destroy the existing order in the village and make the supply of public goods in trouble. that in our internal discussions, an opinion or even that the concept of governance at the macro and institutional change in circumstances, the current reason for the universality of village governance to maintain order, and perhaps the text is not the villager autonomy system in place, but rather may be that it is not in place, because it's in place will not inevitably lead to conflicts between villages affected the achievement of national goals. [7] is not from the value of the above understanding and political action on the negative aspects of autonomy, but noted that no system exists with the up, down, left and right system and the relationship between various established contact, and its performance can not be judged in isolation. We have sought the whole observation and research, reveals the operation of the villagers and village autonomy within society the relationship between nature, the only way to contribute to a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of rural villager autonomy under the governance system also be possible to truly help improve this system.
but very unfortunately, should be noted that these stars would have never had to start in his criticism of the responsibility before the object has been criticized publicly noticed a large number of published academic speech , which, apart from regret, it'll also add to what?
2, reject Western theories, I hope directly to the field to create their own set of theories. careful study, they advocated the performance of wild thinking theory and anti-anti-Westernization both connections and differences between the two trend , 2005). for anti-Westernization, should be the next star, said, Can all of your West to cast their colored glasses and glasses? empiricism Orientation for the new theory of thinking. , but was present, was constructed. And no one's unique perception, the problem is not keen sense of social reality, even as gods like standing on the top, people may turn a blind eye Are there specific, and can not in a hurry to a conclusion.
what we actually do, and field research work already out there, I believe the critics before the commencement of criticism should be clear in the chest, or criticism Yiping will lose, or come and see us in the end here is how to present their theoretical claims. is quoted to be stars, more and more dominated by the Western academic discourse study of village governance hh stressed wild thinking, is to learn the essence of Western social science at the same time, deliberate attention to breakthroughs in Western social science research on village governance limitations of scientific knowledge from the West restrictions, but also from Western social science has been formed with the hegemony of the academic dogma of limited colors, and boldly put forward new ideas on village governance. , the introduction of Western social science theory is not only necessary, but the problem is not to be hh or not the introduction of Western social science, you do not wear tinted glasses from the West, but in social science from the West can not let the general default monopoly of China interpretation of reality. see more clearly the reality, but because it can be seen increasingly dominant position in the current Western social sciences from the tinted glasses can not see something, and can compete on this basis. competition easier for the many colored glasses to see the original appearance of the village government. with a colored glasses on. China's rural society, but that can not only use colored glasses view of Western China's rural society. We aim to be based on China's realities, learning from the West and China, based on local research to create a classic of our own colored glasses, which may be regarded as frivolous or ignore the academic tradition, perhaps because of capacity and energy (of course not rule out preference) intentionally or unintentionally omitted because a lot of Western literature (such as being left out or do not understand that Foucault), but do Not every scholar's dream and escape the embrace of the plight? Therefore, the anti-Western hat also right when the alert is only a friendly. Just think, if anyone dared to throw a hundred years to make the cultural accumulation of Western Learning, included in its formation under the influence and transformation of China's new culture, but also how to even the most basic living, let alone thinking and writing. This is a common sense, need not be self-evident to create problems discussion.
step forward both the theory is, there is no star said we should September 2004 we held the second method of Rural Studies, Senior Seminar class, WU Yi Village Politics in the summary of the research and development, the admitted imagination, but also enriched the vocabulary of their expression, and expand their research perspective, the social basis of political attention, in itself contributed to the maturity of political sociology. Again, through the help of anthropologists, political scientists not only learned The thematic concern of the rural research, more important is to master a new way of expression of the text is by some scholars to be hh anthropological field research, find and build the academic and the relationship between post-modern China. And by drawing on history, is also making a study of contemporary rural political vision of a more in-depth some useful social science concepts and theoretical paradigms, as long as its full explanatory power in rural China, and brought a little problem with that. At the same time, needs to be emphasized is that it strongly opposed to that in the study appear to rural China problem, but in reality desire for dialogue with the West br> listed above, we published the text is to show that we are not against the Western social science, much less the stars said to be anti-theoretical bent, but that should be the main place in China and rural China, to learn and absorb the West Science (including the existing academic knowledge in China). We must and have to learn Western social science, but we do not therefore found in Western social science is universally applicable truth, do not think it is only Western academic is the theory [10], but to maintain both academic and reflect the position of the full alert on our glasses to be used as casting materials. It is precisely because the out How come the words is embedded in the existing gray, hazy empirical phenomena that make them suitable for certain academic order of integration, called the knowledge and discovery, and as a ruler to cut a new object of observation and in life itself presentation of the logic of argumentation (which in itself imply the existence of certain of the reason first) to find the existing theory of collision and stirring, to construct it will no longer words such as civil society is not to be the kind of star to our definition of anti-Western and anti-theory of the this train on the post-modern, it is not longer be regarded as anti-Western or even non-theoretical, have to find the expression of Chinese thinking, Western-style), that is, field trips, such as Algeria, Bourdieu we got a class that contrary to civilized society We, the Western theory is still a need to make self-examination and the contrast of the such a context, Xuefeng Concerned only As a result, as the entry point to care for academic field research in rural China, because the lack of overall care, under the strong Western discourse is not difficult to ablation (loss) into the paradigms of Western social science. Based on the experience in China, and establish useful for understanding the social science of Chinese society, or how the general theory of social sciences in the West and China to establish correspondence between social reality, so that Western social sciences help to understand the Chinese Context The following issues do not those things in pursuit of the Chinese words corresponding to the fields of Western Research Institute to complete the task and with the agitation, In addition to the insufficiency of their own construction, is also thinking of the lack of the wild?
, of course, because of the time, energy and vision limitations, the main focus will be placed in rural China to understand the present, to determine our basic academic point to be More of practice and action, rather than simply the nature of dialogue or knowledge production. When we survey found that need general phenomenon, or can be established to judge, we a, or lost in the shallow, is ...
Monday, February 21, 2011
Experts on Beijing Cancer Hospital, early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer
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lecture Speaker: Beijing Cancer Hospital, prevention and treatment of breast cancer center director, chief physician Ouyang Tao / Radiology Professor Li Jie talks
Time: October 13, 2007
Location: Beijing Cancer Hospital - Academic Hall
Moderator: Distinguished leaders, distinguished guests, distinguished audience, Good morning! Today is October, October is the months, we co-Cancer Hospital and the GE sponsored the clinic and the , the sessions have been held more than a 30. into such a prestigious Peking University and Tsinghua University. Today our The purpose is to raise public awareness of breast cancer in this high incidence of malignant disease of modern women's concern and understanding, while universal health survey of women with breast cancer knowledge.
we have been fortunate to two well-known experts in our hospital, one is the breast Professor Ouyang Tao Centre, another of Professor Li Jie in radiology. Here we have time left to experts, first breast cancer prevention and treatment expert, Professor Tao Ouyang for everyone to do Progress Topic: how to face the and scientific disaster. breast cancer is not a pure killer, it is just a disaster. Since it is a disaster can, through our efforts to disaster reduction. This is my time in every lecture that .
why breast cancer is a disaster it? some patients will die of breast cancer, breast cancer treatment will bring great pain to the patient; and traditional treatment of women's performance will lead to a damaged organ, We all know that the breast may be cut away. such things as closer and closer, the incidence is increasing year by year. It sounds terrible, but it is not. to use the approach to the treatment of breast cancer hazard of this disease , do not take it as a killer, it is not fit to be the killer.
reduction can not? possible. Breast cancer is a chronic disease takes a long time to respond. breast cancer is also the only two approved by WHO in early diagnosis can reduce mortality of the disease. another example, 90 years after Europe and the United States breast cancer mortality has declined, although the incidence is rising, but the level of continuous treatment progress. scientific and technological progress, human benefit in breast cancer therapeutic areas as well. Technology advances also allow a means of breast cancer patients continue to benefit.
we see the case of breast cancer mortality in France, began to decline after 90 years; the United States began to decrease breast cancer mortality; UK mortality rates have been declining after 90 years; Dutch breast cancer mortality is declining. relatively speaking 90 years after breast cancer mortality has declined more obvious. relevant professionals to do a lot of effort and research, the reason is reasonable treatment, and then one that is earlier diagnosis. early detection of breast cancer and appropriate treatment of breast cancer, breast cancer can reduce mortality.
These are the world's researchers involved in breast cancer treatment into a lot of energy spent a lot of money out of the conclusions of research. As the common scientific and technological progress of human property, why can not we enjoy the results of this study give us the benefits of it? so we have to update their knowledge, you know I always wanted to be able to change the use of advanced technology themselves, and benefit from.
What is the early diagnosis of breast cancer?
What is the early diagnosis of breast cancer? doctor referred to the early detection of breast cancer, or in the profession in the current propaganda to the public When talking about early detection of breast cancer, the aim of reducing mortality, followed by improving the quality of life. If a means for early detection of breast cancer, but if this early detection can reduce mortality, the early detection there is no practical meaning. means of early diagnosis of breast cancer actually have two steps, step is to look at the breast, there is no exception, and then one is to clear what is the nature of this anomaly in the end. Because breast cancer is often a matter long, there are benign, there malignant. In addition, through regular self-examination in early detection of breast cancer. and then one is X-ray examination, before we call photographic plate or photographic mammography. Now there is the relative magnetic resonance imaging examination. evaluation of these methods can not be used as breast cancer The discovery means the key indicators are able to reduce mortality. We take a look at the introduction of these methods. mammography camera and its sensitivity is relatively high, there are 100 in 90 breast tumors can be discovered. clinical doctors to do medical examination 95% of the time sensitivity, can be found, or tangible. back I will speak with you, to discover breast cancer is not early breast cancer. Another promotion for a long time regular self-test is sensitive of a 30%.
we see in Europe and the United States breast cancer mortality has fallen, the mortality reduction and early detection of a great relationship. We look at the case of early detection, 2006 meeting in France When I get some information, one cm below the probability of breast cancer tumor in 1 / 3, but one centimeter below the breast is basically can not touch. two centimeters below the 70% incidence of cancer, and this is imaging findings of breast cancer. only be possible to reduce this level of early mortality.
information in France is like this, one centimeter below is 1 / 3, two centimeters below the more than 70%. also One is in situ, to be a simple operation on the line. early detection is about such a state. only to reach such a state can reduce mortality. regular breast self-test, the latest research results can not reduce breast cancer deaths rate of .05 in the United States some of the relevant guidelines for the early detection of cancer is no longer recommended regular breast self-examination as a means of reducing breast cancer mortality, and have abandoned this method of checking out. If you do regular breast checks no one opposed, but to the regular self-image as an auxiliary means, not as the primary means. This is the 2005 revised U.S. guidelines for the early detection of cancer, which is a card verifiable. now It was talking about regular self to reduce mortality, it is unscientific.
imaging we are now looking at aspects of mammography camera, for example, the GE Medical organizations. formerly known photographic plate is compared density, tumor density, low density of the breast, breast lump is white, and some calcification. next step is to figure out this exception is not a threat to your health, is not required human intervention. Such a breast is less likely to be detected, because it itself is white, you see the contrast between the tumor does not exist. We Chinese race is precisely the people with high breast density, our patients do most of this film mammography situation; Europe and the United States is enough to make a molybdenum target, but in China may not be enough. Why? because China quite early age of onset, young patients with breast more.
another race to take over, and Europe than Our high breast density. The race features not suitable for light to check with the camera. also need to add is that the B-breast, previous results are not too high. We all know that science and technology 90 years ago is not now so well developed, Advanced detection methods do not now, before that B-is not enough; but in Europe and the United States to the breast is divided into four levels, with examination of their B-sensitivity is 40%. So we Chinese X-ray examination alone is not enough the. clinical examination and X-B-ultrasound group and then do or can find a number of early breast cancer patients. So now we Chinese people are not just to do a medical X-ray examination of breast, B-ultrasound is also very important. Because of seeing this trend, foreign investment is also a lot of resources into research and this new device, which is all the B-breast examination. B super machine like a fool as the probe, can cover the entire breast. take great efforts to the development of such equipment, indicating this method, some people are quite useful.
Another way is nuclear magnetic resonance, which is currently checked in the most sensitive imaging method. in a foreign country for the defective gene high-risk breast cancer population. But there is a problem in the country NMR, when you find it difficult to determine after lesion nature, as far as I know there is no such technology internally to achieve this. Therefore, before the lack of positioning means, for normal people to do this Check some problems may exist. now the recommended method for breast cancer is breast X ray; but young people may have to be careful. Although breast X ray now has a relatively low dose, but still not recommended for women under 35 years old to do such checks. At present, for X-ray examination of organic defect is more appropriate, and for other patients is not necessarily the trial.
ultrasound images, especially for those who just finished X-ray examination of patients, followed by breast MRI, in Europe, especially Germany, as the main high-risk groups of organic defect detection method. If you find a problem, it is difficult to take it out. Finally, the attending physician's hand, through the detection of breast cancer in this way will reduce the death rate. but if you go to a place to do breast examination, the doctor attending to you individually by hand, then you should play confirmed a question mark, because the hand of a separate consultation and can not be completely confirmed. another one is the periodic self-test, there is scientific evidence prove that it can not serve as a means of early diagnosis, so there is no harm healthy lifestyle, but do not simply use it as early diagnosis and use. If the method of early diagnosis is not reliable, which will create an illusion, caused by the crisis. early diagnosis If we need to do regular breast X ray, but that there are age restrictions.
some observations of our own to discover the symptoms, such as the nipple skin erosion, and if this is the case to go to hospital for examination, this can be found in their own The. The other is some yellow or white nipple foreign body, these symptoms are likely and early breast cancer. nipple is abnormal before surgery, can now make further checks to determine whether abnormal nipple a tumor. papilla 50% of foreign bodies because of the secretion of a tumor, there are also half of the tumor factor, half the length of the tumor in this man there is also 30-50% may be breast cancer, the ratio is very low, but passed in such a way that is good , and most do not need systemic treatment. If such signs to the hospital to be checked in time. This is the only two can be found through their own eyes, symptoms of early breast cancer. In addition to the professional bodies should be through the imaging method to check.
who should have regular breast exams?
we talk about for a long time whether early detection of everyone to do regular checks? If we have a way to find out who is a high chance to get breast cancer , which may be above the problem relatively simple. But now more difficult, and why? what would cause a higher breast cancer risk factors? I have not had a baby, not breastfeeding, I got married relatively late, and I work pressure, etc., These risk factors can not be. what are the risk factors? history of breast cancer, the side had breast cancer, the other side the possibility of disease is much higher than normal. Another is that some genetic defects. another one is in the past did breast surgery or pathological examination did and found that this change is called atypical pathological factors. The other is a very significant family history of breast cancer, or have more family history of ovarian cancer, such Some people can be seen as high risk of breast cancer, except for outside factors and age and so not necessarily related. Finally there is a reason why non-pathological breast hyperplasia, breast hyperplasia general we say, this is not the concept of pathology, this breast hyperplasia and breast cancer is not necessarily related to the concept of clinical and pathological concepts should not be confused, confusing the two concepts are plenty of ignorance, some because of the lack of pathological concept.
stress again that the proliferation of breast cancer and biopsy must be the results of pathological examination if not done, puncture, and surgery, can not diagnose the problem if the pathological category.
done an inspection did not find any problems in this round is over, no problem. but a do find a problem with B-how to do? to clear the nature of the abnormal, the nature of the film do not look at a B-will be able to identify it? can make a guess, but can not make the final judgments, and if not through pathology to determine the clear, even according to the film, people may tell you it is not breast cancer, this film is not for the treatment of the premise. From a medical point of view, if not from the perspective of treatment of breast cancer pathology is illegal.
must be clear what is the nature of a two-step disease. One is to get suspected that part of the organization, to see some take a little lump or calcification of a check in the past we touch to the hospital cut off a tumor Besides, this is before the traditional approach, this approach is considered to be very stupid, gradually being replaced. Now is not the diagnosis of breast cancer in Europe through the removal of mass-based. put a lot of opportunity is an operation removed, many opportunity to have this. In addition, there are many benign lesions, surgery is not necessary, it is very clear. to tell you a phenomenon, touch the removal of a tumor to do it in Europe and the United States has basically been eliminated in our hospital have also been eliminated. now the preferred way is to do a biopsy. Some people doubt whether it would puncture the transfer done, we should believe in science, I believe that the doctors treating you. This method can be popular in the world is justified. Also for small mass (1 cm or less) the use of puncture is not accurate, you can use the minimally invasive approach. we are now using this approach has done more than 100 cases, more than 90 cases are below 1 cm.
early the significance of detection of breast cancer is very important. can be reduced to the health effects of disease to a minimum: first, to retain the chance of sexuality we improve organ; second, upper limb function of reservations; the third, lower treatment costs; fourth, reduce the risk of death. We have an evaluation of their system, divided into two parts, one is the size of the tumor as small as 1 cm to be conservative treatment, and other tumor metastasis is also a very important factor, both factors can be prevented by early detection.
to maintain a good attitude, can not ignore, nor fear, the key is participation. Now the subject is no longer medical doctors, but patients; health conscious people who are not strong, the hospital will provide help. in the United States and Europe, community activities, all free to participate, so as to profit, not actions speak more to no avail. I began to also say, and willing to tell you some useful knowledge to change behavior we . so early detection is the key to a good state of mind; not scared to death, can not but seriously. Although the chances of becoming sick is not high, but if it is found, then treatment must be positive.
adhere to regular inspection, 35 to 40 years old, every 1 to 1.5 years time. professional organizations is an effective and reliable means of protection.
mastectomy breast cancer patients
not all, then a brief treatment of the following circumstances. As science continues to progress in treatment of breast cancer models have been the innovation and development. You may think that breast cancer had to be dropped across the board, is not the case. Now there are many new methods, such as breast-conserving treatment, after treatment you go swimming, washing Sauna is not a problem, to achieve this goal is not to the cost of survival. abroad for breast-conserving therapy has now been for 30 years, according to the rules of medical research to find disease and the most rigorous medical evidence to support the use of this treatment. with this treatment of patients will not have any effect on the life and health, and no one will feel the breast is not important to retain the breast is possible, we have to do with the idea that breast cancer treatment. in accordance with strict standard to do so, or cut on the survival of breast conservation is no different, the only difference is that for patients with left breast is a big psychological impact.
especially to those who left breast, but because of late treatment or other factors can not meet the strict conditions to retain the breast, the breast can also take down the sick, with their own organization or external organizations to restore parts of the breast removed. Now we are the belly bulge most respected organizations to use them on this one can solve the problem of breast-conserving shape.
breast-conserving our hospital from 2001 to now has been studying, and now the proportion of relapse is about 1.1%, very low. with the same period to do a breast full cut more than 1300 cases of phase no different than our own information back to the same. and then there is this technology as far as I know only Beijing Cancer Hospital in Beijing can do. go to the body to determine axillary lymph node in patients with no transfer, so if there is no transfer would not have to do another surgery. Last year we achieved 51% cure rate. a very large tumor on the breast, the patient has a strong desire to want the breast to stay, made a preoperative treatment of patients reached the final wishes, new methods of treatment by 30% of patients the tumor completely disappeared. Is there anything good? way breast cancer is now more appropriate to choose which of the patients which were previously optional, is generally small, ineffective treatment of money is very stupid. This is our current standard treatment.
talk so much, simple and effective way to early diagnosis and treatment of the rationalization of the other early involvement is very important, decisions are patients do, the doctor is only the implementation of this decision, be sure to early diagnosis, Thank you!
breast X photography and the early prevention of early diagnosis of breast
Professor Li Jie Li Jie
: Good morning. very glad Love in October to participate in monthly milk GE medical care for our breasts for this organization's activities, and we talk about breast X photography and the early prevention of early diagnosis of breast. breast early prevention and early treatment, although a small part, but it is also important part. following the discovery of the treatment and diagnosis to tell you about this. Let us look at the knowledge of breast cancer and X-ray of knowledge. to tell you where the problems encountered. I introduced the content of what is breast self-examination ? The second is the X-ray photography of the value? X-third what is the significance of breast self-examination?
What is the X-ray photography? it differs from traditional X-ray, it belongs to mammography technology . The new technology also rhodium palladium technology. Another is the common X-ray photography, the other is specifically designed for breast examination of the machine, which main purpose is to detect early breast cancer. When talking about breast X-ray photography , we bound to traditional film X-ray projection and limited the issue of digital projection. I will give you that.
incidence of breast cancer increasing. just mentioned detection of breast cancer method of early diagnosis so few, first, X-projective, and breast self-examination; The other is the professional clinicians check the clinical visits, along with ultrasound. just mentioned Professor Ouyang and clinical examination for the newly diagnosed The value of early breast cancer found that there is evidence to prove that it can reduce breast cancer mortality. and breast ultrasound in healing also has its advantages, it is the value of screening for breast cancer clinical trials is being applied research among the broader market . breast X-ray photography is used and is now the only proven method of reducing breast cancer mortality in the examination, a mammogram is now an important method of choice. Here to tell you a few of breast cancer have been carried out and the X-ray confirmed clinical studies.
in the United States, Sweden and the Netherlands, they conducted clinical trials on people's results show that the breast X ray projection can make breast cancer mortality reduction. is the biggest two-Sweden County experiment, it is more than 70,000 people carried out the checks every two breast cancer patients showed that in 8 years, 11 years and 14 years later, breast cancer mortality decreased by 30% of the phenomenon, which is very optimistic. breast X ray projection is the only proven way to reduce mortality.
Why? We know that breast cancer occurred from the cellular to the local occurrence of a small mass to be our perceived by humans, symptoms usually give us a warning signal had a year to several years. Once there if we can find the symptoms, this is not an early out. The greatest value of X-projective appears that in our symptoms before the disease can be found through the following methods to find it, this is the period in sub-clinical breast cancer can be detected.
look at this case, it is a physical examination of a woman to participate. We in the film on and found a small piece of calcification, we know that calcium is important in early breast cancer, resulting in a significant performance of breast cancer is to have this tiny calcification. probably a total of 10% of breast cancer is due to calcification was found. The calcification is a very small and very irregular calcification., is the kind of very irregular size and shape, density is not even a small calcification, according to our knowledge of radiology, it is this still the possibility of breast cancer .
In this case, we would recommend to her biopsy, biopsy is an end of the screening method. We instruments to guide the surgeon to the location of calcification, and calcification of successfully cut this down, this is a specimen photography. We see this calcification cut down, we found it by checking a carcinoma in situ, carcinoma in situ breast cancer before the development is in the fat of the breast, the prognosis is very effective.
patient is a 55-year-old woman, she is the side of the breast cancer has been won, and the removal of the conventional review. in the sixth side we have discovered that side of her left breast has a large density of small things , about 5 mm or so. but it looks like is not particularly good, is a very vague form of non-uniform, we think this is a suspicious lesion, it may be a small lesion. After a year the patient more before receiving confirmation of oncology, it really is breast cancer. When clinical palpable breast mass have been camera and then later, the mass has reached 2 cm in size of such an obvious, in fact, touched the lump has been more than two centimeters , and reached a three or four centimeters. This is the second phase of breast cancer, is not an early out. the treatment effect is more obvious than after the two were just good.
another patient, she had the nipple depression, we can see in the picture, see the nipple area, see the nipple has a dense band behind the tumor. the patient to seek treatment only after the inverted nipple, X-ray film, we see In fact she has not had an early cancer. In fact X-projective for this is not the detection of breast cancer patients, because she has obvious clinical symptoms to seek treatment only.
this time the skin is watching that there is thickening, patients find themselves in clinical skin mass to come to such a treatment, and this is the third of the breast, the more after she's even worse than just five years, chances of survival only about 11%, 12% or less.
and this has occurred in patients with large axillary lymph nodes. is not particularly a big lump, axillary lymphatic metastasis has been, and this is not an early. Of course Finally, she must depend on the diagnostic biopsy confirmed. so a census of breast X ray can make women over the age of 50 diagnosed about 4 years ahead of schedule, so that the young women's breast cancer about 2 years ahead of schedule. Indeed X-projective is very credible, so that we can breast cancer be found early, patients have an early opportunity for treatment.
This is a European data, as in Europe and the United States since the mid 80's large-scale The X-ray surveys. in overall mortality after 89 years has been showing a downward trend was. in the United States in the late 80's mortality rate is declining. gradually increased in breast cancer incidence of breast cancer under the present conditions in reducing mortality. It has two main elements of which one is more of breast cancer is found early, early breast cancer found in the U.S. and Europe accounted for 30% of the proportion of breast cancer. then one is breast cancer treatment technology continues to development and progress, there are more treatment to decrease breast cancer mortality that two factors.
cases we have seen from the front, breast X-ray examination there are two types of people to adapt. One is not any symptoms healthy people, this is what we call the census of breast X ray examination. The other is the emergence of symptoms of breast cancer checks, that is, when a patient known that breast lumps, or nipple discharge, or pain, or like orange peel or other depression symptoms, can diagnose breast cancer checks. Just now we talked about a few examples of X ray examination of the breast the most value in those asymptomatic population to detect early breast cancer, If the event of a symptom, not the earlier a breast cancer.
breast X-ray examination then is how to conduct it? This is what we are using a breast X ray camera, which is a vertical of machine, a rotating rack, a presentation board and a compression plate. during the inspection, our technician will conduct a breast compression. This compression may cause some discomfort, some people would appear in the feel pain, can not stand. The pain of oppression is very important, it will make the image clearer we can make the radiation dose decreases. because the reduced thickness of the breast glands receive radiation will be reduced. This pain is the X-ray examination of patients before the test must have a mental preparation. because of the pain, some people would refuse such inspection or fear, in fact, it is not necessary.
Normally, we want to decomposition of two-way location of the breast projection. This is a piece of breast examination, left internal mammary and right breast pieces shine out of the way ordinary. We see both sides of the breast, we called oblique, which is axial, and in both directions, left right as such. normally breast is symmetrical, then these white areas is our mammary glands. we call breast essence, it is a mixture of glandular and fibrous tissue of this image . normally is bilateral symmetry. We radiologist is from these films may be found in some breast abnormalities, including just saw some of the masses and calcification.
these circumstances, we do a breast diagnosis, is nothing less than that of several results, one is the adaptability of the healthy that is a negative result, this situation requires two years of regular checks on the line. In addition, we found some benign lesions, X line can be of a some characteristic performance of a specific benign diagnosis is also not very worried about this situation, to regularly review it. then one is likely to be benign, it is probably benign 98% chance that this situation with short-term patient enough. which is the middle of a suspicious nature we call X-positive results, we see from the symptoms of breast cancer may be found, this situation needs to be considered for biopsy, clinicians need to take a look the most appropriate way. This is also not particularly worried, because there are some cases using this after the final biopsy result is benign, but this does have the potential opportunities. So we can not rule out the need for biopsy.
another one is very typical of the malignant behavior, in which case you need to take measures, and we have these different types to make a diagnostic classification, this classification is also globally. no matter where the check Radiology Doctors will know, are recognized. This is the assessment of ACR, a system diagnostic report.
So to sum up the value of X-ray photography is, to the clinical detection of breast cancer before symptoms appear. by the early detection and early diagnosis received early treatment, so patients can prolong survival after diagnosis to reduce mortality rates. The breast X-ray photography is indeed an effective method, but it is also an economical screening method.
that breast What are the limitations of X-ray photography? First, it is not possible to find all of the breast cancer. There are two cases, one is by common clinical, the patient has an obvious palpable mass, but in the X line We can not see this mass of forms. there is a way to have some special growth of breast cancer, which itself does not form a definite mass and no calcification, X ray did not form density for comparison. We found that by comparing the density lesions, and therefore can not be found.
about it, 9% -10% of breast X-ray can not be displayed, so this case we were going to do the exchange of patients, combined with ultrasound. So Our understanding is important, we do X-ray examination, if it is a first line of the check can not rule out breast cancer. Another limitation is in relatively dense glands of young women, we often go out film difficult, sometimes X-overlap in the truth, we can not accurately to judge it certainly is benign, is definitely vicious, or some other tests to further clear.
we look normal the performance of different human breast. These white areas in different age groups there is a difference. a woman in her lifetime increased with age, hormone levels decreased gradually shrink the gland is to present a law of fats More and more ingredients. This means that with age the variation of the gland. into old age this gland will almost, but mostly young dense breast. this useful? We say that The density of the breast is the most important thing will affect the sensitivity of our detection of breast cancer. For there is a high density of small breast lesions found it very difficult for us because it was hidden to the high density of the glands inside. and low density We found that the breast is relatively easy. So the higher the density of the breast on the X-ray photography is weak, the lower its sensitivity. In this case, we will recommend the patient to do B-inspection, X line and B- The check is breast examination two most important method of mapping study, their role is complementary. dense breast is the advantage of ultrasound, and fatty breast is X-advantage.
we look like translucent breast, later found a lump, and we can see at a glance, without professional knowledge, ordinary people will be able to find abnormalities. and as such a high density of the breast, this is a 50-year-old woman, her left has been able to touch the side of an obvious mass, breast cancer is already a. and X ray can not detect any abnormalities, which is the density would affect the discovery of breast cancer.
and as such a density of slightly more than just also a low point density of the ...
lecture Speaker: Beijing Cancer Hospital, prevention and treatment of breast cancer center director, chief physician Ouyang Tao / Radiology Professor Li Jie talks
Time: October 13, 2007
Location: Beijing Cancer Hospital - Academic Hall
Moderator: Distinguished leaders, distinguished guests, distinguished audience, Good morning! Today is October, October is the months, we co-Cancer Hospital and the GE sponsored the clinic and the , the sessions have been held more than a 30. into such a prestigious Peking University and Tsinghua University. Today our The purpose is to raise public awareness of breast cancer in this high incidence of malignant disease of modern women's concern and understanding, while universal health survey of women with breast cancer knowledge.
we have been fortunate to two well-known experts in our hospital, one is the breast Professor Ouyang Tao Centre, another of Professor Li Jie in radiology. Here we have time left to experts, first breast cancer prevention and treatment expert, Professor Tao Ouyang for everyone to do Progress Topic: how to face the and scientific disaster. breast cancer is not a pure killer, it is just a disaster. Since it is a disaster can, through our efforts to disaster reduction. This is my time in every lecture that .
why breast cancer is a disaster it? some patients will die of breast cancer, breast cancer treatment will bring great pain to the patient; and traditional treatment of women's performance will lead to a damaged organ, We all know that the breast may be cut away. such things as closer and closer, the incidence is increasing year by year. It sounds terrible, but it is not. to use the approach to the treatment of breast cancer hazard of this disease , do not take it as a killer, it is not fit to be the killer.
reduction can not? possible. Breast cancer is a chronic disease takes a long time to respond. breast cancer is also the only two approved by WHO in early diagnosis can reduce mortality of the disease. another example, 90 years after Europe and the United States breast cancer mortality has declined, although the incidence is rising, but the level of continuous treatment progress. scientific and technological progress, human benefit in breast cancer therapeutic areas as well. Technology advances also allow a means of breast cancer patients continue to benefit.
we see the case of breast cancer mortality in France, began to decline after 90 years; the United States began to decrease breast cancer mortality; UK mortality rates have been declining after 90 years; Dutch breast cancer mortality is declining. relatively speaking 90 years after breast cancer mortality has declined more obvious. relevant professionals to do a lot of effort and research, the reason is reasonable treatment, and then one that is earlier diagnosis. early detection of breast cancer and appropriate treatment of breast cancer, breast cancer can reduce mortality.
These are the world's researchers involved in breast cancer treatment into a lot of energy spent a lot of money out of the conclusions of research. As the common scientific and technological progress of human property, why can not we enjoy the results of this study give us the benefits of it? so we have to update their knowledge, you know I always wanted to be able to change the use of advanced technology themselves, and benefit from.
What is the early diagnosis of breast cancer?
What is the early diagnosis of breast cancer? doctor referred to the early detection of breast cancer, or in the profession in the current propaganda to the public When talking about early detection of breast cancer, the aim of reducing mortality, followed by improving the quality of life. If a means for early detection of breast cancer, but if this early detection can reduce mortality, the early detection there is no practical meaning. means of early diagnosis of breast cancer actually have two steps, step is to look at the breast, there is no exception, and then one is to clear what is the nature of this anomaly in the end. Because breast cancer is often a matter long, there are benign, there malignant. In addition, through regular self-examination in early detection of breast cancer. and then one is X-ray examination, before we call photographic plate or photographic mammography. Now there is the relative magnetic resonance imaging examination. evaluation of these methods can not be used as breast cancer The discovery means the key indicators are able to reduce mortality. We take a look at the introduction of these methods. mammography camera and its sensitivity is relatively high, there are 100 in 90 breast tumors can be discovered. clinical doctors to do medical examination 95% of the time sensitivity, can be found, or tangible. back I will speak with you, to discover breast cancer is not early breast cancer. Another promotion for a long time regular self-test is sensitive of a 30%.
we see in Europe and the United States breast cancer mortality has fallen, the mortality reduction and early detection of a great relationship. We look at the case of early detection, 2006 meeting in France When I get some information, one cm below the probability of breast cancer tumor in 1 / 3, but one centimeter below the breast is basically can not touch. two centimeters below the 70% incidence of cancer, and this is imaging findings of breast cancer. only be possible to reduce this level of early mortality.
information in France is like this, one centimeter below is 1 / 3, two centimeters below the more than 70%. also One is in situ, to be a simple operation on the line. early detection is about such a state. only to reach such a state can reduce mortality. regular breast self-test, the latest research results can not reduce breast cancer deaths rate of .05 in the United States some of the relevant guidelines for the early detection of cancer is no longer recommended regular breast self-examination as a means of reducing breast cancer mortality, and have abandoned this method of checking out. If you do regular breast checks no one opposed, but to the regular self-image as an auxiliary means, not as the primary means. This is the 2005 revised U.S. guidelines for the early detection of cancer, which is a card verifiable. now It was talking about regular self to reduce mortality, it is unscientific.
imaging we are now looking at aspects of mammography camera, for example, the GE Medical organizations. formerly known photographic plate is compared density, tumor density, low density of the breast, breast lump is white, and some calcification. next step is to figure out this exception is not a threat to your health, is not required human intervention. Such a breast is less likely to be detected, because it itself is white, you see the contrast between the tumor does not exist. We Chinese race is precisely the people with high breast density, our patients do most of this film mammography situation; Europe and the United States is enough to make a molybdenum target, but in China may not be enough. Why? because China quite early age of onset, young patients with breast more.
another race to take over, and Europe than Our high breast density. The race features not suitable for light to check with the camera. also need to add is that the B-breast, previous results are not too high. We all know that science and technology 90 years ago is not now so well developed, Advanced detection methods do not now, before that B-is not enough; but in Europe and the United States to the breast is divided into four levels, with examination of their B-sensitivity is 40%. So we Chinese X-ray examination alone is not enough the. clinical examination and X-B-ultrasound group and then do or can find a number of early breast cancer patients. So now we Chinese people are not just to do a medical X-ray examination of breast, B-ultrasound is also very important. Because of seeing this trend, foreign investment is also a lot of resources into research and this new device, which is all the B-breast examination. B super machine like a fool as the probe, can cover the entire breast. take great efforts to the development of such equipment, indicating this method, some people are quite useful.
Another way is nuclear magnetic resonance, which is currently checked in the most sensitive imaging method. in a foreign country for the defective gene high-risk breast cancer population. But there is a problem in the country NMR, when you find it difficult to determine after lesion nature, as far as I know there is no such technology internally to achieve this. Therefore, before the lack of positioning means, for normal people to do this Check some problems may exist. now the recommended method for breast cancer is breast X ray; but young people may have to be careful. Although breast X ray now has a relatively low dose, but still not recommended for women under 35 years old to do such checks. At present, for X-ray examination of organic defect is more appropriate, and for other patients is not necessarily the trial.
ultrasound images, especially for those who just finished X-ray examination of patients, followed by breast MRI, in Europe, especially Germany, as the main high-risk groups of organic defect detection method. If you find a problem, it is difficult to take it out. Finally, the attending physician's hand, through the detection of breast cancer in this way will reduce the death rate. but if you go to a place to do breast examination, the doctor attending to you individually by hand, then you should play confirmed a question mark, because the hand of a separate consultation and can not be completely confirmed. another one is the periodic self-test, there is scientific evidence prove that it can not serve as a means of early diagnosis, so there is no harm healthy lifestyle, but do not simply use it as early diagnosis and use. If the method of early diagnosis is not reliable, which will create an illusion, caused by the crisis. early diagnosis If we need to do regular breast X ray, but that there are age restrictions.
some observations of our own to discover the symptoms, such as the nipple skin erosion, and if this is the case to go to hospital for examination, this can be found in their own The. The other is some yellow or white nipple foreign body, these symptoms are likely and early breast cancer. nipple is abnormal before surgery, can now make further checks to determine whether abnormal nipple a tumor. papilla 50% of foreign bodies because of the secretion of a tumor, there are also half of the tumor factor, half the length of the tumor in this man there is also 30-50% may be breast cancer, the ratio is very low, but passed in such a way that is good , and most do not need systemic treatment. If such signs to the hospital to be checked in time. This is the only two can be found through their own eyes, symptoms of early breast cancer. In addition to the professional bodies should be through the imaging method to check.
who should have regular breast exams?
we talk about for a long time whether early detection of everyone to do regular checks? If we have a way to find out who is a high chance to get breast cancer , which may be above the problem relatively simple. But now more difficult, and why? what would cause a higher breast cancer risk factors? I have not had a baby, not breastfeeding, I got married relatively late, and I work pressure, etc., These risk factors can not be. what are the risk factors? history of breast cancer, the side had breast cancer, the other side the possibility of disease is much higher than normal. Another is that some genetic defects. another one is in the past did breast surgery or pathological examination did and found that this change is called atypical pathological factors. The other is a very significant family history of breast cancer, or have more family history of ovarian cancer, such Some people can be seen as high risk of breast cancer, except for outside factors and age and so not necessarily related. Finally there is a reason why non-pathological breast hyperplasia, breast hyperplasia general we say, this is not the concept of pathology, this breast hyperplasia and breast cancer is not necessarily related to the concept of clinical and pathological concepts should not be confused, confusing the two concepts are plenty of ignorance, some because of the lack of pathological concept.
stress again that the proliferation of breast cancer and biopsy must be the results of pathological examination if not done, puncture, and surgery, can not diagnose the problem if the pathological category.
done an inspection did not find any problems in this round is over, no problem. but a do find a problem with B-how to do? to clear the nature of the abnormal, the nature of the film do not look at a B-will be able to identify it? can make a guess, but can not make the final judgments, and if not through pathology to determine the clear, even according to the film, people may tell you it is not breast cancer, this film is not for the treatment of the premise. From a medical point of view, if not from the perspective of treatment of breast cancer pathology is illegal.
must be clear what is the nature of a two-step disease. One is to get suspected that part of the organization, to see some take a little lump or calcification of a check in the past we touch to the hospital cut off a tumor Besides, this is before the traditional approach, this approach is considered to be very stupid, gradually being replaced. Now is not the diagnosis of breast cancer in Europe through the removal of mass-based. put a lot of opportunity is an operation removed, many opportunity to have this. In addition, there are many benign lesions, surgery is not necessary, it is very clear. to tell you a phenomenon, touch the removal of a tumor to do it in Europe and the United States has basically been eliminated in our hospital have also been eliminated. now the preferred way is to do a biopsy. Some people doubt whether it would puncture the transfer done, we should believe in science, I believe that the doctors treating you. This method can be popular in the world is justified. Also for small mass (1 cm or less) the use of puncture is not accurate, you can use the minimally invasive approach. we are now using this approach has done more than 100 cases, more than 90 cases are below 1 cm.
early the significance of detection of breast cancer is very important. can be reduced to the health effects of disease to a minimum: first, to retain the chance of sexuality we improve organ; second, upper limb function of reservations; the third, lower treatment costs; fourth, reduce the risk of death. We have an evaluation of their system, divided into two parts, one is the size of the tumor as small as 1 cm to be conservative treatment, and other tumor metastasis is also a very important factor, both factors can be prevented by early detection.
to maintain a good attitude, can not ignore, nor fear, the key is participation. Now the subject is no longer medical doctors, but patients; health conscious people who are not strong, the hospital will provide help. in the United States and Europe, community activities, all free to participate, so as to profit, not actions speak more to no avail. I began to also say, and willing to tell you some useful knowledge to change behavior we . so early detection is the key to a good state of mind; not scared to death, can not but seriously. Although the chances of becoming sick is not high, but if it is found, then treatment must be positive.
adhere to regular inspection, 35 to 40 years old, every 1 to 1.5 years time. professional organizations is an effective and reliable means of protection.
mastectomy breast cancer patients
not all, then a brief treatment of the following circumstances. As science continues to progress in treatment of breast cancer models have been the innovation and development. You may think that breast cancer had to be dropped across the board, is not the case. Now there are many new methods, such as breast-conserving treatment, after treatment you go swimming, washing Sauna is not a problem, to achieve this goal is not to the cost of survival. abroad for breast-conserving therapy has now been for 30 years, according to the rules of medical research to find disease and the most rigorous medical evidence to support the use of this treatment. with this treatment of patients will not have any effect on the life and health, and no one will feel the breast is not important to retain the breast is possible, we have to do with the idea that breast cancer treatment. in accordance with strict standard to do so, or cut on the survival of breast conservation is no different, the only difference is that for patients with left breast is a big psychological impact.
especially to those who left breast, but because of late treatment or other factors can not meet the strict conditions to retain the breast, the breast can also take down the sick, with their own organization or external organizations to restore parts of the breast removed. Now we are the belly bulge most respected organizations to use them on this one can solve the problem of breast-conserving shape.
breast-conserving our hospital from 2001 to now has been studying, and now the proportion of relapse is about 1.1%, very low. with the same period to do a breast full cut more than 1300 cases of phase no different than our own information back to the same. and then there is this technology as far as I know only Beijing Cancer Hospital in Beijing can do. go to the body to determine axillary lymph node in patients with no transfer, so if there is no transfer would not have to do another surgery. Last year we achieved 51% cure rate. a very large tumor on the breast, the patient has a strong desire to want the breast to stay, made a preoperative treatment of patients reached the final wishes, new methods of treatment by 30% of patients the tumor completely disappeared. Is there anything good? way breast cancer is now more appropriate to choose which of the patients which were previously optional, is generally small, ineffective treatment of money is very stupid. This is our current standard treatment.
talk so much, simple and effective way to early diagnosis and treatment of the rationalization of the other early involvement is very important, decisions are patients do, the doctor is only the implementation of this decision, be sure to early diagnosis, Thank you!
breast X photography and the early prevention of early diagnosis of breast
Professor Li Jie Li Jie
: Good morning. very glad Love in October to participate in monthly milk GE medical care for our breasts for this organization's activities, and we talk about breast X photography and the early prevention of early diagnosis of breast. breast early prevention and early treatment, although a small part, but it is also important part. following the discovery of the treatment and diagnosis to tell you about this. Let us look at the knowledge of breast cancer and X-ray of knowledge. to tell you where the problems encountered. I introduced the content of what is breast self-examination ? The second is the X-ray photography of the value? X-third what is the significance of breast self-examination?
What is the X-ray photography? it differs from traditional X-ray, it belongs to mammography technology . The new technology also rhodium palladium technology. Another is the common X-ray photography, the other is specifically designed for breast examination of the machine, which main purpose is to detect early breast cancer. When talking about breast X-ray photography , we bound to traditional film X-ray projection and limited the issue of digital projection. I will give you that.
incidence of breast cancer increasing. just mentioned detection of breast cancer method of early diagnosis so few, first, X-projective, and breast self-examination; The other is the professional clinicians check the clinical visits, along with ultrasound. just mentioned Professor Ouyang and clinical examination for the newly diagnosed The value of early breast cancer found that there is evidence to prove that it can reduce breast cancer mortality. and breast ultrasound in healing also has its advantages, it is the value of screening for breast cancer clinical trials is being applied research among the broader market . breast X-ray photography is used and is now the only proven method of reducing breast cancer mortality in the examination, a mammogram is now an important method of choice. Here to tell you a few of breast cancer have been carried out and the X-ray confirmed clinical studies.
in the United States, Sweden and the Netherlands, they conducted clinical trials on people's results show that the breast X ray projection can make breast cancer mortality reduction. is the biggest two-Sweden County experiment, it is more than 70,000 people carried out the checks every two breast cancer patients showed that in 8 years, 11 years and 14 years later, breast cancer mortality decreased by 30% of the phenomenon, which is very optimistic. breast X ray projection is the only proven way to reduce mortality.
Why? We know that breast cancer occurred from the cellular to the local occurrence of a small mass to be our perceived by humans, symptoms usually give us a warning signal had a year to several years. Once there if we can find the symptoms, this is not an early out. The greatest value of X-projective appears that in our symptoms before the disease can be found through the following methods to find it, this is the period in sub-clinical breast cancer can be detected.
look at this case, it is a physical examination of a woman to participate. We in the film on and found a small piece of calcification, we know that calcium is important in early breast cancer, resulting in a significant performance of breast cancer is to have this tiny calcification. probably a total of 10% of breast cancer is due to calcification was found. The calcification is a very small and very irregular calcification., is the kind of very irregular size and shape, density is not even a small calcification, according to our knowledge of radiology, it is this still the possibility of breast cancer .
In this case, we would recommend to her biopsy, biopsy is an end of the screening method. We instruments to guide the surgeon to the location of calcification, and calcification of successfully cut this down, this is a specimen photography. We see this calcification cut down, we found it by checking a carcinoma in situ, carcinoma in situ breast cancer before the development is in the fat of the breast, the prognosis is very effective.
patient is a 55-year-old woman, she is the side of the breast cancer has been won, and the removal of the conventional review. in the sixth side we have discovered that side of her left breast has a large density of small things , about 5 mm or so. but it looks like is not particularly good, is a very vague form of non-uniform, we think this is a suspicious lesion, it may be a small lesion. After a year the patient more before receiving confirmation of oncology, it really is breast cancer. When clinical palpable breast mass have been camera and then later, the mass has reached 2 cm in size of such an obvious, in fact, touched the lump has been more than two centimeters , and reached a three or four centimeters. This is the second phase of breast cancer, is not an early out. the treatment effect is more obvious than after the two were just good.
another patient, she had the nipple depression, we can see in the picture, see the nipple area, see the nipple has a dense band behind the tumor. the patient to seek treatment only after the inverted nipple, X-ray film, we see In fact she has not had an early cancer. In fact X-projective for this is not the detection of breast cancer patients, because she has obvious clinical symptoms to seek treatment only.
this time the skin is watching that there is thickening, patients find themselves in clinical skin mass to come to such a treatment, and this is the third of the breast, the more after she's even worse than just five years, chances of survival only about 11%, 12% or less.
and this has occurred in patients with large axillary lymph nodes. is not particularly a big lump, axillary lymphatic metastasis has been, and this is not an early. Of course Finally, she must depend on the diagnostic biopsy confirmed. so a census of breast X ray can make women over the age of 50 diagnosed about 4 years ahead of schedule, so that the young women's breast cancer about 2 years ahead of schedule. Indeed X-projective is very credible, so that we can breast cancer be found early, patients have an early opportunity for treatment.
This is a European data, as in Europe and the United States since the mid 80's large-scale The X-ray surveys. in overall mortality after 89 years has been showing a downward trend was. in the United States in the late 80's mortality rate is declining. gradually increased in breast cancer incidence of breast cancer under the present conditions in reducing mortality. It has two main elements of which one is more of breast cancer is found early, early breast cancer found in the U.S. and Europe accounted for 30% of the proportion of breast cancer. then one is breast cancer treatment technology continues to development and progress, there are more treatment to decrease breast cancer mortality that two factors.
cases we have seen from the front, breast X-ray examination there are two types of people to adapt. One is not any symptoms healthy people, this is what we call the census of breast X ray examination. The other is the emergence of symptoms of breast cancer checks, that is, when a patient known that breast lumps, or nipple discharge, or pain, or like orange peel or other depression symptoms, can diagnose breast cancer checks. Just now we talked about a few examples of X ray examination of the breast the most value in those asymptomatic population to detect early breast cancer, If the event of a symptom, not the earlier a breast cancer.
breast X-ray examination then is how to conduct it? This is what we are using a breast X ray camera, which is a vertical of machine, a rotating rack, a presentation board and a compression plate. during the inspection, our technician will conduct a breast compression. This compression may cause some discomfort, some people would appear in the feel pain, can not stand. The pain of oppression is very important, it will make the image clearer we can make the radiation dose decreases. because the reduced thickness of the breast glands receive radiation will be reduced. This pain is the X-ray examination of patients before the test must have a mental preparation. because of the pain, some people would refuse such inspection or fear, in fact, it is not necessary.
Normally, we want to decomposition of two-way location of the breast projection. This is a piece of breast examination, left internal mammary and right breast pieces shine out of the way ordinary. We see both sides of the breast, we called oblique, which is axial, and in both directions, left right as such. normally breast is symmetrical, then these white areas is our mammary glands. we call breast essence, it is a mixture of glandular and fibrous tissue of this image . normally is bilateral symmetry. We radiologist is from these films may be found in some breast abnormalities, including just saw some of the masses and calcification.
these circumstances, we do a breast diagnosis, is nothing less than that of several results, one is the adaptability of the healthy that is a negative result, this situation requires two years of regular checks on the line. In addition, we found some benign lesions, X line can be of a some characteristic performance of a specific benign diagnosis is also not very worried about this situation, to regularly review it. then one is likely to be benign, it is probably benign 98% chance that this situation with short-term patient enough. which is the middle of a suspicious nature we call X-positive results, we see from the symptoms of breast cancer may be found, this situation needs to be considered for biopsy, clinicians need to take a look the most appropriate way. This is also not particularly worried, because there are some cases using this after the final biopsy result is benign, but this does have the potential opportunities. So we can not rule out the need for biopsy.
another one is very typical of the malignant behavior, in which case you need to take measures, and we have these different types to make a diagnostic classification, this classification is also globally. no matter where the check Radiology Doctors will know, are recognized. This is the assessment of ACR, a system diagnostic report.
So to sum up the value of X-ray photography is, to the clinical detection of breast cancer before symptoms appear. by the early detection and early diagnosis received early treatment, so patients can prolong survival after diagnosis to reduce mortality rates. The breast X-ray photography is indeed an effective method, but it is also an economical screening method.
that breast What are the limitations of X-ray photography? First, it is not possible to find all of the breast cancer. There are two cases, one is by common clinical, the patient has an obvious palpable mass, but in the X line We can not see this mass of forms. there is a way to have some special growth of breast cancer, which itself does not form a definite mass and no calcification, X ray did not form density for comparison. We found that by comparing the density lesions, and therefore can not be found.
about it, 9% -10% of breast X-ray can not be displayed, so this case we were going to do the exchange of patients, combined with ultrasound. So Our understanding is important, we do X-ray examination, if it is a first line of the check can not rule out breast cancer. Another limitation is in relatively dense glands of young women, we often go out film difficult, sometimes X-overlap in the truth, we can not accurately to judge it certainly is benign, is definitely vicious, or some other tests to further clear.
we look normal the performance of different human breast. These white areas in different age groups there is a difference. a woman in her lifetime increased with age, hormone levels decreased gradually shrink the gland is to present a law of fats More and more ingredients. This means that with age the variation of the gland. into old age this gland will almost, but mostly young dense breast. this useful? We say that The density of the breast is the most important thing will affect the sensitivity of our detection of breast cancer. For there is a high density of small breast lesions found it very difficult for us because it was hidden to the high density of the glands inside. and low density We found that the breast is relatively easy. So the higher the density of the breast on the X-ray photography is weak, the lower its sensitivity. In this case, we will recommend the patient to do B-inspection, X line and B- The check is breast examination two most important method of mapping study, their role is complementary. dense breast is the advantage of ultrasound, and fatty breast is X-advantage.
we look like translucent breast, later found a lump, and we can see at a glance, without professional knowledge, ordinary people will be able to find abnormalities. and as such a high density of the breast, this is a 50-year-old woman, her left has been able to touch the side of an obvious mass, breast cancer is already a. and X ray can not detect any abnormalities, which is the density would affect the discovery of breast cancer.
and as such a density of slightly more than just also a low point density of the ...
Sunday, February 20, 2011
High oil prices are destroying the whole basis of the market
Although gasoline prices these days still at the stage of conjecture, but the pen has been plotting her husband, if petrol prices do rise to the level of 7 yuan a liter, I should give up the bike 2.5 emission car, instead take the subway to work it?
the same with me the whole idea of the Chinese people have many. When the high oil prices become a burden when you reduce the use of, or giving up is a realistic option, and for Those residents not to buy a car, climb up the oil prices will undoubtedly force them to abandon or delay the plan to purchase, no matter what point of view, car manufacturers are facing a serious situation of sluggish sales, especially for the accumulation of years of effort in our production capacity of ten million producing countries, this is particularly serious consequences.
If the majority of car manufacturers production capacity at a standstill, then supporting these OEM parts manufacturers have to look everywhere vegetables to eat, they are not suffering much easier than those OEMs, because, in the ecological chain, the whole plant is profitable exploitation by car, while supporting the car is the dishes go well with rice.
I also worried that if the above situation does happen, my family outside the row of cell wall Sin car shop, automotive beauty shops, half will choose to close.
we can even make more associations, the banking crisis because of these companies and car bad debt crisis in consumer loans surge in coal and oil power plants because of the high price of the huge losses (actually a loss has become a reality), the airlines can not afford the high oil prices continue to raise prices, passengers had to abandon travel plans, travel Attractions will become bleak business h..
former U.S. President Ronald Reagan once compared to inflation as years on behalf of the world to experience the power of its killing, and now the situation is similar, rapid rise in oil prices affected all industries, forcing the national economy into full recession.
the latest issue of , and falling house prices are declining performance.
situation around the world are in line .8% of the inflation rate has made China the pain of the immediate residents, but imagine that with this synchronization, the Russian period the level of inflation was 14%, Argentina 23%, 23% of Venezuela, Indonesia is expected to reach 12%, two-thirds of the world population is suffering from double-digit inflation rate, according to World Bank estimates 2008 global economic growth rate was 1.8%.
the seventies, when the advent of the energy crisis, national measures taken by the government that price controls and government subsidies, the central bank to raise rates, thinking that they can barely spend that the temporary price increase, but it did not, the price level not only did not decrease as expected, but makes the global economy into a sustained recession.
that time we rise and fall of the world economy, there is no perception, precisely because of this, A worrying situation is that we now also seems to repeat the mistakes of the seventies the world.
Hong Kong, subsidies in the Sichuan earthquake disaster area may exceed the amount of assistance. on refinery subsidies in fact subsidies to residents and businesses, the effect of this grant is to market prices created a false impression, so that domestic consumers and can not be perceived in a timely and effective changes in international oil prices, causing price distortions, which rely on nothing more than to curb consumer price transmission. distorted price formation mechanism can only make the situation worse. a bold idea should be immediately released open refined oil price controls and let the market decide the price of oil, of course, the risk of which is the short term may result in the circumstances described in the article at the beginning, felt that many businesses and residents can not afford, and substantially improve the consumer price one index, but the good news is, so that prices of refined oil and crude oil prices simultaneously, the demand for the suppression of the current will play a very good effect. like a pen husband as the calculation, if China and India, many people because refined oil give up the price increase or decrease in travel by car, then, global oil demand in certain period of time will be effectively controlled, oil prices should fall.
is for governments to raise prices of refined oil is to pay a huge cost , and London has already begun on the train truck drivers protest, they blocked traffic trucks over one thousand ways to express dissatisfaction; Italy, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, fishermen began an indefinite strike. In Indonesia, police and student demonstrators led to the outbreak of conflict, their aspirations seem to have only one, that is government subsidized prices.
seen purely from the perspective of the market and the economy and ways to deal with high oil prices conflict is difficult, in the case of no effective way to resolve thus, a terrible, all willing to accept the reality may be in and out, and that is recession and stagflation.
most pessimistic view is that the global economy has entered a recession irrevocably to the cycle , no matter what kind of means to deal with oil prices, countries can only be found in sub-optimal results, the results can not be optimal.
China's problems may be better, all optimistic about the long-term development of China's economy who will hold the view, however, in 2008 we are facing a complicated situation that we have to make some amendments to the situation of optimism. in the global economy into recession, under the situation that China probably has not been spared, a sudden increase in earthquake disaster difficult to avoid recession.
specific reaction stock market, although the Shanghai index has grown from 6124 points, the lowest down to around 3000, many people think that a huge decline in the investment value of the show. However, If high oil prices, represented by high prices led the economy into full recession, then the optimistic, expected to get little sense, and the face of declining corporate profit expectations, investors will be difficult to make a buy decisions, and, two years due to the share reform for the benefit of the size of non-JUFENG who will not miss any opportunity to profit from a rebound to understand the whole market may take a long time to restore confidence, in other words, our the basis of the market may be destroyed in advance all the problems of high oil prices.
the same with me the whole idea of the Chinese people have many. When the high oil prices become a burden when you reduce the use of, or giving up is a realistic option, and for Those residents not to buy a car, climb up the oil prices will undoubtedly force them to abandon or delay the plan to purchase, no matter what point of view, car manufacturers are facing a serious situation of sluggish sales, especially for the accumulation of years of effort in our production capacity of ten million producing countries, this is particularly serious consequences.
If the majority of car manufacturers production capacity at a standstill, then supporting these OEM parts manufacturers have to look everywhere vegetables to eat, they are not suffering much easier than those OEMs, because, in the ecological chain, the whole plant is profitable exploitation by car, while supporting the car is the dishes go well with rice.
I also worried that if the above situation does happen, my family outside the row of cell wall Sin car shop, automotive beauty shops, half will choose to close.
we can even make more associations, the banking crisis because of these companies and car bad debt crisis in consumer loans surge in coal and oil power plants because of the high price of the huge losses (actually a loss has become a reality), the airlines can not afford the high oil prices continue to raise prices, passengers had to abandon travel plans, travel Attractions will become bleak business h..
former U.S. President Ronald Reagan once compared to inflation as years on behalf of the world to experience the power of its killing, and now the situation is similar, rapid rise in oil prices affected all industries, forcing the national economy into full recession.
the latest issue of , and falling house prices are declining performance.
situation around the world are in line .8% of the inflation rate has made China the pain of the immediate residents, but imagine that with this synchronization, the Russian period the level of inflation was 14%, Argentina 23%, 23% of Venezuela, Indonesia is expected to reach 12%, two-thirds of the world population is suffering from double-digit inflation rate, according to World Bank estimates 2008 global economic growth rate was 1.8%.
the seventies, when the advent of the energy crisis, national measures taken by the government that price controls and government subsidies, the central bank to raise rates, thinking that they can barely spend that the temporary price increase, but it did not, the price level not only did not decrease as expected, but makes the global economy into a sustained recession.
that time we rise and fall of the world economy, there is no perception, precisely because of this, A worrying situation is that we now also seems to repeat the mistakes of the seventies the world.
Hong Kong, subsidies in the Sichuan earthquake disaster area may exceed the amount of assistance. on refinery subsidies in fact subsidies to residents and businesses, the effect of this grant is to market prices created a false impression, so that domestic consumers and can not be perceived in a timely and effective changes in international oil prices, causing price distortions, which rely on nothing more than to curb consumer price transmission. distorted price formation mechanism can only make the situation worse. a bold idea should be immediately released open refined oil price controls and let the market decide the price of oil, of course, the risk of which is the short term may result in the circumstances described in the article at the beginning, felt that many businesses and residents can not afford, and substantially improve the consumer price one index, but the good news is, so that prices of refined oil and crude oil prices simultaneously, the demand for the suppression of the current will play a very good effect. like a pen husband as the calculation, if China and India, many people because refined oil give up the price increase or decrease in travel by car, then, global oil demand in certain period of time will be effectively controlled, oil prices should fall.
is for governments to raise prices of refined oil is to pay a huge cost , and London has already begun on the train truck drivers protest, they blocked traffic trucks over one thousand ways to express dissatisfaction; Italy, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, fishermen began an indefinite strike. In Indonesia, police and student demonstrators led to the outbreak of conflict, their aspirations seem to have only one, that is government subsidized prices.
seen purely from the perspective of the market and the economy and ways to deal with high oil prices conflict is difficult, in the case of no effective way to resolve thus, a terrible, all willing to accept the reality may be in and out, and that is recession and stagflation.
most pessimistic view is that the global economy has entered a recession irrevocably to the cycle , no matter what kind of means to deal with oil prices, countries can only be found in sub-optimal results, the results can not be optimal.
China's problems may be better, all optimistic about the long-term development of China's economy who will hold the view, however, in 2008 we are facing a complicated situation that we have to make some amendments to the situation of optimism. in the global economy into recession, under the situation that China probably has not been spared, a sudden increase in earthquake disaster difficult to avoid recession.
specific reaction stock market, although the Shanghai index has grown from 6124 points, the lowest down to around 3000, many people think that a huge decline in the investment value of the show. However, If high oil prices, represented by high prices led the economy into full recession, then the optimistic, expected to get little sense, and the face of declining corporate profit expectations, investors will be difficult to make a buy decisions, and, two years due to the share reform for the benefit of the size of non-JUFENG who will not miss any opportunity to profit from a rebound to understand the whole market may take a long time to restore confidence, in other words, our the basis of the market may be destroyed in advance all the problems of high oil prices.
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