Key words: word error
this hundred years, the Chinese people on the road toward modernization, as a nation, our entire intellectual, including those thinking of thinking masters, including the mainstream of today's scholars are thinking are thinking there may be a big trap. I call this thinking is called , I mentioned that in the contemporary Chinese people use among those basic concepts, they all contain the idea that most people do not realize the trap. this trap a large extent, hindered the Chinese people on the road toward modernization . may be some concept is the most basic, most people do not doubt, they are precisely the trap. I think that all the problems in China today, with the trap on these concepts are related.
Today I just about three concepts. The first concept is we have a very long period of China as a traditional feudal society. However, the feudal term, it plainly, is a simple common-sense errors. until a few years ago, a famous thinker of China Mr. Li Shenzhi, and only then the error exposed out: half a century, Chinese people use the term feudalism, in the case of 99.9% is wrong. so one of the words, what went wrong? very simple. feudalism, among the Chinese, Even in Western terms, it is mean perished. However, our textbooks, that we are not back to the university entrance exam test into high school textbooks mention, (laughter) clearly and simply told us, the emperor established a feudal system. The truth is: Qin Shi Huang to destroy the feudal system in China. This is simple common sense of history, but a couple of decades, 99.9% of Chinese people use the term feudalism has never been aware of the wrong. And this is not just a word error The problem, if so, it easy to handle, we established by usage, the word has a new meaning to replace it with another old word meaning. The problem is one of the words in the wrong way, wrong way of thinking behind. Once caught in this error, we have no way to turn over the idea.
where this error come from? In fact, the centralized system and the feudal system was originally a opposites, in large part, from since the era of Qin Shi Huang, China's social situation in terms of political or economic perspective, is not feudalism, but closer to Western capitalism. If we say that the system of the Chinese two thousand years to make a comparison with the Western system, we will find China's feudal society much like the West, as that as the Western capitalist society. We think, in China, the landlord of the land can be freely traded, the landlord can be hired, the rich can open banks, etc., which are Western capitalist society is extremely close. In fact, the so-called seeds of capitalism in China two thousand years, there has been. China is not capitalist began to sprout from the Ming and Qing dynasties, on the contrary, or even earlier from the Qin Shi Huang, China budding agricultural capitalism, while China's trade has been very well developed.
Why say more than two thousand years, our country is feudal society? error from the Opium War a hundred years ago. Chinese by Westerners defeated, and we do not know how he has been defeated, we were stunned. At first, we were defeated by Western guns, and later, we were defeated the whole system of Western China's civilization can not find coordinates, can not see the direction. nineteenth century, the collapse of entire civilization of China, and then start to search for orientation course. This is like the man who was hit by what became a powerful concussion, they do not know the direction, and no time, no space, the traditional system and coordinates all civilization collapsed. At this time, China found that only one is still active along the front of the power of walking, this state is a concussion. We've seen the movie , war, guns frighten some people are after the loss of memory, do not know who he is, come, then, how should we do? ability he had felt the plane, let him get the coordinates of thinking, only to He imitated the activities of normal human eyes. This is a concussion.
hundred years ago, Chinese people by Westerners after a comprehensive defeat, began to believe that the world has evolved in the direction of one dollar, with a single progressive routine. westerners Along the way, Chinese people went fairly quickly, went to the extent of this development forward. The civilization of mankind will move forward along this upward trend, but different nations, rise of civilization in different points on the chain . Chinese people here, in front of Westerners in Chinese, but we are more backward than the Cambodian people in the back of the Chinese people, and China Orogen in more minorities behind. (laughter) That is, different peoples along the in the same direction, but different points in the direction of the move forward.
We know that the early twentieth century, there is a thought, the influence of the Chinese people is enormous. Hu Shih's name reflects At that time the tendency of thought. fitness of the name, is based on Darwin Hu, reasons, to avoid being beaten again, how should we do? One explanation tells us that China was beaten because of China's backwardness, or beaten, how do? up along that path and catch up with the West. this idea, all of a sudden Chinese people see the hope, the Chinese people want to move forward to follow. At this time, the Chinese people give themselves to find a location, but this positioning to establish a unified development in the history of the logic above, it is believed that each nation will evolved along the same direction. This theory of evolution, is based on social Darwinism, and since then we have these ideas: history is progressive, age is ahead, society is developing, but the trend is upward direction only.
this concept, in fact, put the path taken by the West, as all mankind is bound to experience the road, the West today is our tomorrow, that what we are today? According to this logic, we Westerners today, of course, is yesterday. Westerners Yesterday was the feudal society, naturally, two thousand years, the Chinese do not develop, because we are in the feudal society. We say that China's long feudal society, This is not from experience, not from the facts, the situation is not starting from China, but starting from a simple logic: the West today is yesterday, yesterday, the West is in feudal society, then we two millennia also in the feudal society. people in concussion of the situation, completely lost his memory, loss of time and space, loss of self-coordinate, then, feudalism, the concept of such an unreasonable, dominated China's nearly a century. < br> The logic behind, but also reinforces the reasons that we believe: the history of mankind move forward along the same direction. Of course, today, a little bit of biological knowledge of the people know that Social Darwinism is actually Darwin a misunderstanding. Darwinian evolution of life does not agree with a unified direction. Biological Science tells us that a tree showing evolutionary development of logic, simply did not exist, said: who is the most advanced, low and one great apes level, orangutans and then low level, followed by monkeys, mammals in general much lower level, turn forward, are reptiles, small insects. According to this logic, it will produce a terrible reasoning: we Today is the people, yesterday was the great apes, orangutans yesterday yesterday; gorilla is not satisfied, it is said that he orangutan today, tomorrow can evolve into an ape, to become a person acquired; monkeys to be outdone, said it will soon tail out into apes, and then forward progress, one day become adults; mice rats, unwilling to do life in the future to do it the leader in the animal, do the monkey, the final evolution of adults; or even a pig are not willing dismemberment, one day, it should become a person. (laughter) a little common sense will know biology, Darwin's theory of evolution is not talked about what it means. He believes that the ultimate does not exist, the most advanced evolutionary state, but it, Social Darwinism and the general mode of thinking of Chinese people have told us: there is a human development in the same direction, there is an ultimate state. And we know that primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, socialist society, the development of such a logic, a completely invented the theory of the Stalin era, one is not what Marx intended, dominated our thinking today. feudal errors on the word, is not the error term itself, the key is to strengthen the logic behind the words: it tells us that the entire human civilization has a single coordinate system, it is standard modern Western standards, after all, is a ; logic.
second term, but also we often use, and, do not think it is wrong, this is feudal trap behind the word, if only a bit of people, we will be able to sense, then, enlightenment trap behind the term, even more obscure. which I have just talked about Mr. Li Shenzhi, although he pointed out that a feudal wrong word, but he also believes that the Chinese people need enlightenment.
Enlightenment term feudal term, there are some very similar things, the trap is also quite similar. French, the British concept of Enlightenment, the Enlightenment and the Chinese meaning of the term, very close, they are referring to: people in a dark corner, to get light, to civilization, from ignorance to enlightenment, which is called enlightenment. It's like a house, the dark, we open the windows, so that light shines in, the light is a symbol of smart, intelligent, civilized, advanced and wisdom, which shines in our Heart of Darkness. But hey, the French Enlightenment's first term when, in their awareness among the methods used by the wisdom of enlightenment, not give them the outside world, not the external light of the good fortune of civilization. Perhaps the great French Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, the ancient Chinese civilization, will be the envy of the light, but They do not believe that French culture itself is dark, to wait for the transformation of Eastern civilization. later, followed by a detailed analysis I will.
the eighteenth century, many French Enlightenment thinkers engaged in China is a civilized country agree , Asians are too great. Voltaire once said this: When we Europeans are still wandering the forests of the Apennines, when the time is still nascent, east of civilization has evolved to unimaginable levels. Emperor of China the vast East, ruled in order. China harmonious and orderly as a family full of love, freedom, equality and fraternity in the home of the Emperor of China. the emperor to treat his subjects, like his father treated his son as kind. Many in France the concept of the Enlightenment thinkers, the Enlightenment and the light source of the East, the Chinese people's light shine the West. But in fact, we should also see, when the French Enlightenment, when the British, Americans and Germans are also longing for the Chinese, their aspirations and yearning for the West today, looking forward to China by the Western civilization, enlightenment, there are fundamentally different. different where? longing for the East Europeans that year, is a difficult enterprise, and the Orient, because of poor roads, poor information, so they the East, largely, is the concept of the Orient in my mind is their own imagination of the East, rather than the real Orient. Because the actual east, too far away from them, Therefore, they can only play his own ideas, invented an oriental. This is like you in an instant fancy to a beautiful girl, but can not you see her then, but always remember her, or even to see her in a dream However, your heart, she is the real difference between her getting bigger. is because of distance, can freedom of your imagination, you can make its own full of initiative, so that you look forward to idols, and the real There, she is different from the situation.
back to the issue of the Enlightenment, the West advocating the East, that is the transformation of Chinese civilization with Western culture, in fact, they are themselves in the transformation of their own. That is to say, true enlightenment, not the West through the light to shine out of their own, but on the contrary, they are self-awareness. In other lectures occasions, I have talked about, the source of Western culture, more of the ancient Greek philosophy, the Jewish faith, the Christian civilization. Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, etc. are a natural state of Western germination. westerners true enlightenment, not by the outside light to light them, but themselves with their own light shine, with their own inner wisdom to change their awakening.
visible, the original meaning of the word enlightenment, not as we understand the surface. On this point, you can refer to the word in German Enlightenment meaning. It is in English, French, Chinese, not the same as the Enlightenment. in German, refers to self-enlightenment and self-growth and development progress. It can be said more truly express the original meaning of the Enlightenment. But then, today, Most Chinese people understand the Enlightenment are: the status of the Chinese people is ignorance, and urgent need to transform themselves in the outside light. The truth is, many intellectuals are now advocating the enlightenment, is thought to be advanced to the West to reform the Chinese people. This enlightenment is the tendency to wishful thinking, is the so-called advanced indoctrination of our brain, let us into the light, this enlightenment, the Enlightenment and the West is quite different from the original. In this case, the people into the so-called bright slaves, subject to its domination, the so-called light in front is only a tool, an object is modified. The guiding ideology of the Enlightenment, had possibly resulted in today's China, many passive, beaten and mediocrity. Chinese increasing lack of creativity, more loss of personality, more active capacity without increasing the vitality of its own collapse. I continue to talk about the third term, students should know, what is ancient times, all of you, 4 April 2004 the group of Beijing University students, not the modern, the ancient people. (laughter) Now is not the Chinese people is a modern, can only be regarded as ancient, ancient Chinese people to modernization, which there is a time of confusion. what we call Americans, Germans, French, British in order to be counted as present now, they have the right to say: I am in the modern and contemporary Chinese people, only about their antiquity. this way of thinking, not lead us to the Chinese people coordinates of their time not to cancel.
extended look, I think, the twentieth century, the field of human thought there is a very dramatic contrast. what is it? the last century, that is, 1905, Albert Einstein in the natural sciences launched an unprecedented revolution. This revolution can be summarized as: Science and the revolution within the context of the concept of time, breaking the single, absolute, one dollar of the time coordinate, into plural, each substance system has its own coordinate system of the time coordinates. This means that the time coordinates of a relative. Time can not exist from the material system, there is an absolute, the only coordinate system. Albert Einstein, the absolute time and space to guide changes to the relative concept of time and space. However, the same in the twentieth century, in the field of human social life, in the social sciences category, there is the opposite transformation. At first, most sociologists believe that each nation has its own independent time coordinate, each nation has different historical Annals methods, such as lunar calendar, the Gregorian calendar, almanac, and so on. And gradually it, evolved into a unified, centralized, absolute time coordinates. When the last day of the twentieth century comes, the whole world to do this and regret; when the twenty-first century, when the sun first rises, people around the world feel special. At this time, I want to ask a question, the other day days, really different? In fact, no different, only the occasional set of Western Manuscripts, resulting in the special day. This time and space, making people around the world are chasing the same time and space, and natural sciences exactly the opposite of relative time and space. Once a guy asked Einstein, said he was too esoteric abstract theory of relativity, Albert Einstein called popular and interesting example: If you are faced with a wordy non-stop, talking ambiguous grandmother, the time, a minute is like an hour; if you talk to a loved one together, an hour like a minute so short. this is relative. It tells us that time is different for each of the main state to decide, does not exist between different subjects the same time an absolute concept. However, since the end of the twentieth century, we have constructed in the areas of social life, the only space-time coordinates. This is the .
On this point, someone put a more radical, such as the National Taiwan University, a professor of philosophy, named Wang Xiaobo, I had a conversation with him. I talked about the three words behind the disorder, Professor Wang agreed with many of my views, however, the word for enlightenment, he did not agree with me. He said the word feudal is imposed on the Third International Communist Chinese people; and modern term, the United States Central Intelligence Council imposed the world. (laughter) this sentence, I was sounded, and found it very interesting. Later, I looked about and found what he says really has some basis in fact. That year, the Comintern's Eastern Operations Division , in order for North Korea, China, Vietnam and other countries follow him, said: community development, is a primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society and socialist society has to grow up, still in the feudal society of China Western society is a capitalist society, and senior than you, and we the Soviet Union, has gone beyond capitalism to the socialist stage, I'll leave it in the end is still with us along the West go away? can go along with others , but go with us, you can jump level. China a thought since you can jump a course, we followed the Comintern walking up. (laughter) So, we positioned itself as a feudal society, Big Brother in the Soviet Union under the leadership toward a socialist direction. on the modernization of the word, there is such a thing. forties of last century, the United States in Asia Foundation, is still there, it funded a third world conference. The General Assembly venue is located in Seoul, South Korea, modernization of the theme of the meeting. From this meeting, a modern term, has been widely recognized by people around the world. Asia Foundation, the background is the United States Central Intelligence Agency, the United States was the intention of the cultural the trend lead the world, how leadership? year, the Spanish conquest of a place, where should the Iberian of; the British conquest of a place, where should the English of; Dutch conquered a place, where Nigeria should Mother of; the French conquest of a place, where the French make of; German conquest of a place, where should the German technology. Later, the United States as the world's largest power, the Americans do not have much clout, said, so that the whole the world are American. the United States, although the mainstream of Western culture, but after all he is a hodgepodge. So, he simply chose a seemingly universal terms, do not call American, called modernization. modern word is that the past , put it bluntly, it is behind the American. our scholars, the modern, done so much research, manufacturing so many standards, they are actually out of human imagination, the Americans lead the world trend is the basic foundation of modern .
to Hu Shih as the representative of the Chinese thinkers, leading to accept a modern term, and then combine it with the word enlightenment, then, the Chinese people in between silent acceptance, imitate and learn the status of the West at that time, the urgent want to integrate with the West. Today, we have no more time to explore the actual operation of the process of modernization, what are the pitfalls. terse say, globalization, non-equality, non-fair, there is the distinction between center and edge, The more you go along with others, the more you fall into the mercy of other people's words into the system.
modern term, the same emphasis on the social Darwinism of a single logic, based on a complete misunderstanding of Darwinism. feudal, enlightenment and three terms of modernization, the use of the errors, lies, we, Chinese people in this hundred years, are at times confused state. what is called the time of disorder it? put it simply: our historical memory blurred, we did not its own independent time coordinate, and we only know that others go along. such a situation, I call it a concussion century Chinese thought.
the West an important figure in the field of philosophy, Kant, and his thought, had a resolution on human knowledge. Our knowledge structure is what constitutes it? Kant has a very classic description. He believes that our human knowledge, not simply come from the experience are not entirely a priori, but rather a combination of both prior and experience of the product. pure experience, can not become knowledge; purely a priori, the same can not produce knowledge. in experience and a priori, Kant comes to the time and space description. He said, when we empirically to feel the physical world as an object, we have a priori each person is born of time and space coordinates. and this a priori space-time coordinates, is the premise of the Knowledge. Kant further believe that the reason for the results, the possibility of such concepts can not exist in the real world, they are the product of a priori. time and space, is the same, there is no material world exists only in Everyone thought the middle. said something more clear, people will be aware of time and space, the objective of the object, time and space does not exist. people time and space coordinates, as the Cartesian coordinate system, coupled with chaos experience were included, only our memories, feelings and impressions. the memories, feelings and impressions, etc., with our conceptual system for further processing, before the formation of our rational knowledge. Kant tells us that human thought is a prerequisite , this premise is a personal time and space coordinates, the concept of individual innate mode. Of course, the twentieth century, Piaget's psychological theory tells us that Kant's so-called space-time coordinates of the individual, not the inner tube out from the womb, but breeding in the process of personal thoughts naturally formed. Although this theory may be revised to Kant, but it still does not negate the premise of Kant: we are not simple human knowledge is experience, but contains a priori factors, the performance of one of the a priori is that the concept of personal space.
time the Chinese people, the concept of space is lost, that means we lose the ability to think independently. We can simply be, to borrow Western conceptual systems, historical perspective and space-time coordinates. a complete loss of national self-concept space and time, of course, is a concussion of the national total. China this hundred years, almost no real thinker. I have another topic , speaking Jews and Chinese comparison, then, we will find that the Chinese and Jewish is the world's greatest nation, but when faced with the Chinese Jews, there is the need of our collective inferiority complex. that is, This is a hundred years, Jews in any one area, there is the most prominent figures, have led the trend of the figures, but almost no one such person, except perhaps Mao Zedong. no one named by the Chinese doctrine, Chinese people do not have a name with the idea, not a Chinese scientific research results, can justly claim to the world, said: follow me! I was the most advanced. literary masters such as Lu Xun and ideological guru, and can only In the context of China is widely recognized, he is the world trend, almost no impact. Perhaps, in the Chinese population, leading over the world trend, and only short-lived Mao Zedong.
China, as is now the world's most populous nation , the ocean in the world thought the sound was lost. Why is it so? because the Chinese people in a collective state of concussion. independent thinking ability of the Chinese people disappeared, according to the words of Kant, the Chinese people can not is thinking. In fact as well. Today, when we talk about some important ideas, they regarded it as an established pattern, rather than introspective analysis of its type to go. Today, China has had no scientific China is to copy the Western scientific tradition of scientific knowledge, we think that this knowledge is science, it is not. ideas are not thought, but thinking.Thought is the result, the established state, thinking is the process of active state. this issue deep down, many of my thinking will lead to results. One thing, I think that science in China today is completely dead. Many economists in China's rise to power of the idea, in fact, just muddle-headedness of the people dream. China Many sociologists and reformers, shouting constitutional reform, in fact, is in the same state of concussion, did not know at the time or place. (Applause.) Thank you.
China's education to a worse plight. Not long ago, a very radical thinking of scholars said that China's Ministry of Education, should be eliminated altogether. because the word education itself is a trap. education means, a subject stood high above, the so-called truth, ideas and knowledge to everyone. This education is harmful. true education, should respect the educated, the educated is also a subject of their personal growth. however, the education it seems to be the so-called bright, advanced, correct things, instilled into the empty, stupid, ignorant, numbness of the mind, that is, the Chinese concept of universal enlightenment. this kind of education is undoubtedly the worst. (applause) radical thinker who said the above, the Ministry of Education Learning should be changed to the Department. live and learn thing. But hey, it was discovered that China had few clean words, learning the words, even worse, worse than education. (Laughter) Why? Science , originally meant to follow, that there is a ready-made conclusions, models, Kai Fan in the face, I went to copy it, imitate it, use it, it is to learn. learning, but in practice, let you copy and use time, more skilful. Two thousand years of Chinese traditional culture is the concept in this study and the continuation of operations. This study, resulting in the stability of Chinese civilization, but also created a culture of stagnation, the loss of their own the vitality and creativity. Chinese people know little learning, we start learning from kindergarten to have been middle schools, universities, learned doctor to obtain doctoral degrees, as well as learn, we did not expect this study, there is a problem, and its vast reservoir behind the trap, we are fully into the so-called truth, conclusions, models, textbooks slaves, we become passive objects. a hundred years, no fundamental change in this mode, only However, we learn from the study of our ancestors turned to the West, we take with the international standards as the goal, after all, how others do, how we do. This mode of thinking, our innate creativity, life impulse, autonomy, both deny the imagination. this state, resulting in all of China today rigid and mediocre. westerners do not learn it? they are learning. However, they both in the learn, and not equal in study.Study Our concept of learning, it refers to is, with no ready-made conclusions, and answers under the premise of the principle, to find the rules, formulas, laws, etc., it is more an exploration, research and discovery. and we Chinese people missing is the string. If this state does not change, the Chinese talk about building a world class university, it is absurd, and only the thought of people in a state of concussion, will bring the slogan of this kind of unrealistic. (applause) In fact, our China study, is another thing, together. what is it? Albert Einstein once said: We all thought that the most important knowledge is, in fact, there are more important than knowledge, and what conclusions that person's imagination. By extension, this imagination, contains the human imagination, creativity, passion, life impulse, the revolutionary spirit, initiative and endless curiosity, these are precisely as a man The most important thing. Today the majority of Chinese people forget is these, our education, and remain in the learning stage of knowledge, to people born with valuable things to ruin, while the passive acceptance of other established down civilization.
Chinese society, and now there are too many areas, completely involved in the things of others as a paragon of the existing pit. We often proud of something, in fact, is our shame, We have not thought about it? For example, we believe that the Great Wall great as the Great Wall is said to be human in space visible to the naked eye the landscape. My book is absurd. Later, a reader write to me and asked me why I can visit the space Yang Liwei identified prior to the absurdity of this argument. (laughter) The reason is simple, this is a common sense issue. After a simple and convenient scientific exploration, we will find the truth. But why should we fool ourselves? It is because we always stay in this kind of thinking: what foreigners say that so and so great, that is really great. foreigners praise, we can add sense of pride.
the same thing also occurred in other places of interest on. you know, Xi'an is known as matter. That year, French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac is now president to visit China, the Chinese leadership took him to visit the Terracotta Warriors, when the Warriors had just been discovered, the Chinese people are proud, of course, like to take this opportunity to French people to show off. Faced with such a spectacular sight, Chirac has also been intimidated, and collapse to look, he cropped up in one sentence: they have committed a huge mistake. Why? he says, with more than two thousand years ago, a Chinese envoy envoy Yelang to say when the king led to very similar Yelang. Yelang messenger came from the king, asked his country and Yelang compared to which even greater. He can be described as downright arrogant, so, resulting in the assertive idiom. We laugh Yelang king laughed more than two thousand ...
